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1、TheTheoryofVisceralManifestation1.ThephraseofvisceralmanifestationorzangxianginChinesefirstappearedintheChapterofSixSectionsofDiscussiononVisceralManifestationinSuWen.“藏像”一词，首见于《内经》之《素问·六节藏象论》。AccordingtotheexplanationinsomeChinesemedicalclassics,“zang”referstointeriororgan
2、swhicharestoredinsidethebody,and“xiang”referstoexteriormanifestationsofphysiologicalfunctionsandpathologicalchangesofinternalorgans.许多中医经典著作认为：‘藏’指藏于体内的脏腑组织器官；‘象’指内部器官表现于外的生理功能和病理变化。InLeiJing(CanonofClassification)compiledbyZhangJingyue,forexample,itwasrecordedthat“xiangmea
3、nsimage”.Thevisceraarestoredinsidethebodyandtheimageismanifestedoutwardly.Forthisreason,itiscalled“visceralmanifestation.Thatiswhyzangxiangissometimestranslatedas“visceraandtheirmanifestations”故张景岳在《类经·藏象类》中说：“象，形象也，藏居于内，形现于外，故曰藏象，那也是为什么藏像有时候被译为“脏和形”。.2.Thetheoryofvisceralm
4、anifestationstudiesthephysiologicalfunctionsandpathologicalchangesofvisceraandtheirrelations.藏象，是研究内脏及其所属关系的生理功能和病理变化的学说。ItplaysanimportantroleinbuildingthetheoreticalsystemofTCMandissignificantforexpoundingthephysiologyofthehumanbodyandforguidingclinicalpractice.它在建立中医理论体系
5、中上演着重要的角色。同时，它对阐述人体生理病理以及指导临床实践有着重要意义。3.Viscera,basisforthetheoryofvisceralmanifestation,isacollectivetermofinternalorganswhich,accordingtotheirphysiologicalfunctions,canbeclassifiedintothreemajorcategoriesthefivezang-organs,includingtheheart,liver,spleen,lungandkidney;thes
6、ixfu-organs,includingthegallbladder,stomach,smallintestine,largeintestine,bladderandtripleenergizer;andtheextraordinaryfu-organs,includingthebrain,marrow,bone,vessel,gallbladderanduterus.藏象学说以脏腑为基础。脏腑是人体内脏的总称，通过它们的生理功能，可以将它们分为五脏、六腑、奇恒之腑。五脏即心、肝、脾、肺、肾；六腑即胆、胃、小肠、大肠、膀胱、三焦；奇恒之腑，
7、即脑、髓、骨、脉、胆、女子胞。4.Thecommonphysiologicalfunctionofthefivezang-organsistotransformandstoreessence;whilethatofthesixfu-organsistoreceive,transportandtransformwaterandfood.五脏的共同生理功能是化生贮藏精气；而六腑的共同生理功能是受盛传化水谷。Theextraordinaryfu-organs,asakindoffu-organs,differingformthesixfu-orga
8、nsinshapeandphysiologicalfunction,arerelativelyhermeticorgansanddonotcontactwithwa
