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1、2010年第1期总第111期人文地理文章编号：1003-2398（2010）01-0012-06国外旅游季节性现象研究述评徐克帅1，23，朱海森（1.中国科学院地理科学与资源研究所，北京100101；2.中国科学院研究生院，北京100049；3.上海师范大学天华学院，上海201815）REVIEWONSEASONALITYINTOURISMABROADXUKe-Shuai1,23，ZHUHai-Sen(1.InstituteofGeographicSciencesandNaturalResourcesResearch,ChineseAcademySciences,B
2、eijing100101,China;2.GraduateSchoolofChineseAcademyofSciences,Beijing,100049,China;3.TianhuaCollege,ShanghaiNormalUniversity,Shanghai201815,China)Abstrct：Seasonalityistheintrinsiccharacteristicsoftourism.Manytouristdestinationsaresufferingfromthisphenomenoneveryyear,sotourismstrategies
3、frompublicandprivatesectorsplaceconsiderableempha-sisbothonextendingtheexistingtouristseasonandondevelopingnewmarketsforoff-peakseason.Season-alityisdescribedasatemporalimbalanceintourism,andmaybeexpressedintermsofvisitorsnumber,theexpenditureofvisitors,allformsoftransportation,employm
4、entandadmissiontoattractions.Seasonalityim-pactsonallaspectsofsupply-sidebehaviourintourism,includingmarketing,thelabourmarket,businessfi-nance,stakeholdermanagement,andallaspectsofoperations.Therefore,itiswidelyseenasa"problem"tobe"tackled"atpolicy,marketingandoperationallevel.Specifi
5、cproblemsincludealongerseasontogaine-noughprofittopaycapitalcosts,lackoflabourinthepeakseason,highunemploymentinoff-season.Howev-er,someresearchersthinkthat,incertaincircumstances,seasonalityindemandoffersopportunitiestoruraltouristdestinationswheretourismjobsfrequentlycomplementothera
6、reasoftraditionalemploymentsuchasforestry,fishingoragriculture.Muchattentionhasbeenpaidandmuchefforthasbeenmadetoovercomesea-sonalityintourism.Therearedifferentwaysinreducingseasonality,suchaslaunchingadditionalseasons,di-versifyingmarkets,reducingpricesandprovidingoff-seasonactivities
7、.Althoughseasonalitymaybeanal-mostuniversalcharacteristicoftourism,itvariesconsiderablyindifferentplaces.Todescribethenatureofseasonalityandanalysetheimportanceofseasonality,researchershavedevelopedmanymeasuressuchasseasonalityindicator,Ginicoefficientfordescribingcharacteristicofsea
