The implicit and explicit embodiment of time .pdf

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1、JournalofPragmatics43(2011)735748ContentslistsavailableatScienceDirectJournalofPragmaticsjournalhomepage:www.elsevier.com/locate/pragmaTheimplicitandexplicitembodimentoftimeAlexanderKranjec*,LaraineMcDonoughDepartmentofPsychology,BrooklynCollegeandTheGraduateCenterofth

2、eCityUniversityofNewYork,2900BedfordAvenue,Brooklyn,NY11210,USAARTICLEINFOABSTRACTArticlehistory:ThepresentresearchconcernstheideaofanembodiedconceptandaskswhetheraReceived3April2009conceptassuchisfundamentallygroundedinimplicitsensorimotorrepresentationsorisReceivedin

3、revisedform21September2009betterunderstoodastheproductofexplicitanalyticprocesses.OurinvestigationfocusesAccepted2July2010ontherelationbetweenspatialandtemporalconcepts.Systematicconstraintsandpatternsfoundinspace(e.g.thephysicalenvironment,themechanicalpropertiesofour

4、Keywords:bodiesandtheorganizationofourperceptualsystems)seemtoinfluencehowwegesture,Embodimenttalk,andthinkabouttemporalrelations.AnovelmethoddesignedtoexplorehowTimeandspaceLanguageandthoughtdifferentspatialreferenceframesgrounddistincttemporalconceptswasusedinwhichFra

5、mesofreferenceparticipantsguessedthespatiallocationsofpicturetilesinoneoftwoboxes.ThetaskwasImplicitandexplicitrepresentationdesignedtoresembleaparapsychologydemonstration.Unknowntoparticipants,thetilesdepictedeitherPAST/FUTUREorEARLIER/LATERtemporalrelations.Resultsde

6、monstratethatresponseswereassistedbytherelativespatiallocationsoftheboxesinamannerconcordantwiththestructureofaparticulartemporalconceptandsuggestthatimplicitprocessesactonrepresentationsaccessibletoexplicitanalysis.Participantsbecameawareoftemporalstructurewhenstimuli

7、wereplacedinfrontandbehind(Experiment1)butnotwhenplacedtotheleftandright(Experiment2).Furthermore,participantsrespondedsystematicallytoPAST/FUTUREbutnotEARLIER/LATERstimulusitems.ß2010ElsevierB.V.Allrightsreserved.1.Introduction1.1.Embodiedconceptsandthegroundingproble

8、mHowarethemeaningsofwordslinkedtoeachotherandtheoutsideworld?Onemethodforinvestigatingthegroundingproblemmightinvolve