implicit and explicit language teaching

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1、ImplicitandExplicitLanguageTeachingRodEllisUniversityofAucklandShanghaiInternationalStudiesUniversityIamnothavingmyexercisebookImplicitFFIExplicitFFIattractsattentiontotargetformisdeliveredspontaneously(e.g.inanotherwisecommunication-orientedactivity)isunobtrusivepresentstargetformsinc

2、ontextmakesnouseofmetalanguageencouragesfreeuseofthetargetformdirectsattentiontotargetformisthemainfocusandgoalofateachingactivityisobtrusivepresentstargetformsinisolationusesmetalinguisticterminologytypicallyalsoinvolvescontrolledpracticeofthetargetform.Implicitvs.explicitknowledgeImp

3、licitknowledgeistheintuitive,automatizedknowledgeneededtoparticipateeffectivelyincommunicationExplicitknowledgeistheknowledgethatlearnerscandrawoninwhentheyhavetimeforcontrolledprocessing.InterfacepositionsNon-interfacepositionStronginterfacepositionWeakinterfacepositionExplicitgrammar

4、instructionTypesofexplicitinstructionExplicitinstructioncantakeanumberofdifferentforms.Theseformsinvolvedifferenttheoreticalassumptionsconcerningtherolesofexplicitinformationandthedifferentkindsofpracticeactivities.Deductivevs.inductiveIndeductiveinstruction,learnersareprovidedwithmeta

5、linguisticinformationaboutthetargetoftheinstruction.Thiscanoccurinthepresentationstageofthelessonorwhilelearnersareengagedinpracticeactivities.Ininductiveexplicitinstructionnometalinguisticinformationisprovided.IntheAudiolingualMethodcontrolledproductionpracticeisemployedtodevelopcorre

6、ct‘habits’.InConsciousness-RaisingInstruction,learnerscompleteaseriesoftasksthatguidethemtoanunderstandingofthetargetfeature.TypesInstructionalapproachesInterfacepositionTheoreticalbasisDeductivePresentation-practice-production(PPP)StrongSkill-learningtheory(DeKeyser,1998)DeductiveInte

7、gratedinstructionStrongTransferAppropriateProcessingDeductiveConcept-basedinstruction(involvingpresentationof‘scientificconcepts’andproductionpracticeStrongSocioculturaltheory(LantolfandThorne,2006)DeductiveComprehension-basedinstruction(asinProcessingInstruction)StrongInputProcessin