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1、JARQ44(3),231−242(2010)http://www.jircas.affrc.go.jpREVIEWVegetation-basedWastewaterTreatmentTechnologiesforRuralAreasinJapan1*23KaoruABE,KunihikoKATOandYasuoOZAKI1NationalInstituteforAgro-EnvironmentalSciences(Tsukuba,Ibaraki305−8604,Japan)2NationalAgriculturalResearchCenterforHokka
2、idoRegion,NationalAgricultureandFoodResearchOrganization(Sapporo,Hokkaido062−8555,Japan)3AkitaPrefecturalUniversity(Akita,Akita010−0195,Japan)AbstractNitrogenandphosphorusloadingofruralareasinJapanhasrecentlyexceededenvironmentaltol-erancelevels,therebycausingdeteriorationofaquaticen
3、vironments.Ruralareasneedsuitablelow-energy,low-costpurificationtechnologies.Vegetation-basedwatertreatmentusesthepurifica-tionfunctionsinherenttonaturalecosystemsandisthereforelikelytobeadaptabletoruralareas.Here,wereviewthewaterpurificationprocessesassociatedwithvegetation-basedwat
4、ertreatmentsystems.Wethendescribethreepurificationtechnologiesthatarebeingdevelopedforpracticalwaterpollutiontreatmentinruraldistricts.Thefirstisafree-water-surface-flowconstructedwet-landplantedwithindigenouswildrice(Zizanialatifolia)intheKoibuchiCollegebiotopezone,whichreceivesseco
5、ndary-treatedwastewaterfromthecollegedormitories.Thesecondisahybrid-typesubsurface-flowconstructedwetlandsystemforpurifyingmilking-parlorwastewaterincoldregions.Thethirdisabiogeofilterchannelinwhichterrestrialplants(includingmostcrops)canbegrownbyadjustingthefiltermaterialheighttosui
6、ttheplantsmoisturetolerance.Wediscusstheadvantagesanddisadvantagesofthethreetreatmenttechnologiesintermsoftheirintroductionatvarioussites,andweconsideryudone,atraditionalvegetation-basedpurificationsystemonceusedbyKyushu-regionfarmers.Discipline:AgriculturalenvironmentAdditionalkeywo
7、rds:biogeofilter,constructedwetland,freewatersurface,gardentype,hybridIntroductionareas.Ruralareasneedsuitablelow-energy,low-costpurificationtechnologies.Inthepast,theamountsofwastewaterandsolidVegetation-basedwatertreatmentcanremoveor-wastearisingfromeverydaylivingandagriculturalpro
8、-ganicmatter
