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时间:2019-03-12
《Ethnicity and the Political Reconstruction.pdf》由会员上传分享,免费在线阅读,更多相关内容在学术论文-天天文库。
1、EthnicityandthePoliticalReconstructioninAfghanistanConradSchetterCenterforDevelopmentStudies(ZEF),UniversityofBonn,Germany1.IntroductionWhenitcomestothemeaningofethnicityconcerningthecurrentAfghanWardifferentopinionscollide.Ononehand,therearenumerousjournalists(e.g.RASHID2000)andresearche
2、rs(e.g.RIECK1997)aswellaspolicy-makerssuchasColinPowellorJoschkaFischerwhocategorisetheAfghanconflictasanethnicone.Ontheotherhand,themajorityofAfghanpoliticians–inspiteorjustbecauseoftheirdifferentethnicbackgrounds–denytheimportanceofethnicityinpublic.AgainstthisbackgroundIintendtodiscuss
3、inthispapertheperceptionofethnicgroupsbytheAfghanpeopleaswellasthesignificanceofethnicgroupsregardingthedesignofafuturegovernmentinAfghanistan.DerivingfromtheperceptionthatethnicityisthepredominantargumentintheAfghanWar,thepeaceprocessthatwasinitiatedatthePetersbergConferencenearBonnendof
4、November2001isbasedonanethnicrepresentativegovernment.Thusinconsequenceitisnowadaysnearlyimpossibletofadeouttheethnicaffiliationofanypoliticalactors.InfullcontrasttothisapproachIhighlysuggestthattherebuildingofpoliticalinstitutionsshouldendeavortodiminishtheinfluenceofethnicityinthepoliti
5、calsphere.Theimplementationofanethno-federalismaswellastheintroductionofanethnicquotasystemwouldratherintensifythehighlyfragileconflictsituationratherthancontributetoastablepeace.MycentralargumentisthatethnicgroupscannotbeconsideredasthepredominantreferencesofsolidarityinAfghanistan.Ithas
6、tobekeptinmindthatanethnicizationoftheAfghanWaroccurred,butanethnicizationofthemassesfailed.ThestillnotdomineeringimportancethatethnicityhasamongtheAfghanpopulaceshouldbeharnessedforpoliticalreconstruction,ratherthanbeingenforcedbyan‘ethnicalsolution’.2.ThechimeraofethnicgroupsThedilemmaw
7、ithincludingethnicityintoapeaceapproachbeginswiththequestionofwhatconstitutesanethnicgroup.Alreadythecontroversyaboutthedefinitionof‘ethnicity’and‘ethnicgroups’intheacademicworldisextremelyintense.RegardingAfghanistanmostresearchershavetheviewthatethnicgroupshaveexi
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