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http://www.sdaxsj.com/http://www.lnat.com.cn/营林机械的现代化是林业现代化的重要标志摘 要：针对营林机械在建设生态林业发展中的作用进行分析。Pickto:inviewofforestrymachineryintheconstructionofecologicalforestrydevelopmentwereanalyzed.关键词：营林机械；生态林业；作用Keywords:forestrymachinery;Ecologicalforestry;role 现代化的林业是和谐发展的生态林业，生态林业的建设与发展，是一个系统工程，它离不开营林机械。现就营林机械在我场林业发展中的作用予以重新审视。Modernforestryistheharmoniousdevelopmentofecologicalforestry,ecologicalforestryconstructionanddevelopment,isasystemsengineering,anditcannotleavetheforestrymachinery.Regardingtheroleofforestrydevelopmentofforestrymachineryinmyfieldforreview. 1基本情况1basicsituationnewpartymembers,andshouldhelptograduallyimprovethestructurebyteammembers,alltoimprovethequalityofPartymembers,improvethefightingcapacityoftheparty,strengthenthepartyinthewholesocietyandinfluencecohesion.Thedevelopmentofpartywork"sixteenwords"policy,isanorganicwholeofdialecticalunity,tofullyunderstandandgraspthe"Kennedy. http://www.sdaxsj.com/http://www.lnat.com.cn/ 我场有18万亩土地，除去职工住宅和经营道路外，全部为林业用地。生态建设是核心，因此，林业生产由单一的采伐木材转向多种经营，参与到林业生态建设中来。森林资源的保护与开发利用成为林业发展的主旋律，建设人与自然和谐相处的“绿色文明”。营林机械恰是加速这一篮图实现的最行之有效的手段。Ihave180000acresofland,toremovetheworkerhousingandmanagementway,allthelandforforestry.Ecologicalconstructionisthecoreand,therefore,forestryproductionbysinglecuttingtimberturnedtodiversification,involvedintheforestryecologicalconstruction.Protectionanddevelopmentandutilizationofforestresourcesbecomeathemeofforestrydevelopment,constructionofthehumanandthenatureharmoniousgetalongwith"greencivilization".Basketofforestrymachineryisacceleratetherealizationofthemosteffectivemeans. 2营林机械在林业发展中的作用2theroleofforestrymachineryinforestrydevelopmentnewpartymembers,andshouldhelptograduallyimprovethestructurebyteammembers,alltoimprovethequalityofPartymembers,improvethefightingcapacityoftheparty,strengthenthepartyinthewholesocietyandinfluencecohesion.Thedevelopmentofpartywork"sixteenwords"policy,isanorganicwholeofdialecticalunity,tofullyunderstandandgraspthe"Kennedy. http://www.sdaxsj.com/http://www.lnat.com.cn/ 建国初期，我场的营林机械，品种单一，而且数量少，主要机具就是油锯，都是从国外进口，多数为前苏联产品。苗圃作业机具及病虫害防治机具，直接引用农业机具，没有自已的定型机具产品，防火机具更是一片空白。从1984年开始，生态林业建设的理念，使人们对林业有了更深层次的理解，营林机械也被赋予了新的使命，营林机械产品系列化、种类多样化及其在林业生产中的作用具有不可替代作用。Early,Ifieldofforestrymachinery,singlevariety,andquantityisless,themainmachineisthechainsaw,allimportedfromabroad,mostlyintheformerSovietunionproduct.Nurseryoperationequipmentsandpestcontrolequipmentsanddirectreferencetoagriculturalmachinery,notfromalreadyfinalizethemachineryproducts,fireprotectionequipmentisablank.Since1984,theconceptofecologicalforestryconstruction,makepeoplehavedeeperunderstandingtoforestry,forestrymachineryalsohavebeengivenanewmission,forestrymachineryproductsseriation,varietyhasirreplaceablefunctionanditsroleinforestryproduction. 2.1营林机械的种类按照传统的营林生产先后程序，可把营林机械分为：整地机具、播种机具、造林机具、抚育机具、病虫害防治机具、采伐机具等。做为主要动力及运输必备的拖拉机和汽车更是营林生产的主角。2.1kindsofforestrymachineryinaccordancewiththetraditionalmethodsofproductionprocess,canbedividesintotheforestrymachinery,machinery,plantmachinery,forestrymachinery,tendingofmachinery,plantdiseasesnewpartymembers,andshouldhelptograduallyimprovethestructurebyteammembers,alltoimprovethequalityofPartymembers,improvethefightingcapacityoftheparty,strengthenthepartyinthewholesocietyandinfluencecohesion.Thedevelopmentofpartywork"sixteenwords"policy,isanorganicwholeofdialecticalunity,tofullyunderstandandgraspthe"Kennedy. http://www.sdaxsj.com/http://www.lnat.com.cn/andinsectpestspreventionandcontrolofmachinesandtools,cuttingtools,etc.Asamajorpowerandtransportessentialoftractorsandcarsintheroleofforestryproduction. 整地机具主要是犁和耙，播种机具主要有播种机，植树机泛指栽植苗木的营林机械，按作业的机械化程度分为简单植树机、半自动植树机、自动植树机，按作业的立地条件分为采伐迹地植树机、沙地植树机、选择植树机、大苗植树机、容器苗植树机，以及连续开沟、间断开沟、选择挖坑植树机等。抚育机具主要是割灌机以及喷灌设施等。病虫害防治机具、防火机具、采运机具等在营林生产中的种类都是比较单一的。Soilpreparationmachinemainlyploughandharrow,sowingmachinemainlyincludetheseeder,machinereferstoplanttreesplantingseedlingsofforestrymachinery,accordingtohomeworkmechanizationdegreeisdividedintosimpleplanttreesplantingtreesplantingmachine,semi-automaticmachine,automaticmachine,accordingtothejobsiteconditionscanbedividedintocuttingblankstree-plantingmachine,sandmachine,choosetoplanttreestoplanttrees,wenttoplanttrees,containerseedlingplantingmachine,trenchingandcontinuous,discontinuousfurrowing,selectdiggingholesnewpartymembers,andshouldhelptograduallyimprovethestructurebyteammembers,alltoimprovethequalityofPartymembers,improvethefightingcapacityoftheparty,strengthenthepartyinthewholesocietyandinfluencecohesion.Thedevelopmentofpartywork"sixteenwords"policy,isanorganicwholeofdialecticalunity,tofullyunderstandandgraspthe"Kennedy. http://www.sdaxsj.com/http://www.lnat.com.cn/toplanttreesmachine,etc.Tendingmachinesmainlycuttingmachineandasprinklerirrigationfacilities,etc.Plantdiseasesandinsectpestspreventionandcontrolofmachinesandtools,firepreventionofforestrymachinery,transportequipment,etc.Intheproductionofvarietiesarerelativelysingle. 营林机械的运用，除部分专用机具外，如：植树机、割灌机、油锯、风力灭火机等，其余机具与农业生产都是通用的。营林机械的种类具有不确定性，飞机的应用，飞播造林和森林防火，已远远的超出人们界定的类别。在营林生产中，各机具应用的轻重比例，由其经营目的及生产模式而定。Theuseofforestrymachinery,besidessomespecialtools,suchas:plantingmachine,cuttingmachine,chainsaw,windextinguisher,etc.,andtherestiscommonmachineryandagriculturalproduction.Forestrymachinerytypesofuncertainty,applicationoftheplanebyafforestationandforestfireprevention,hasfarbeyondthedefinedcategories.Inforestryproduction,theweightproportionofeachmachineusedbythebusinesspurposeandproductionmode. 2.2营林机械的发展方向营林机械的发展要以“生态效益优先”为原则，坚持生态效益、经济效益和社会效益相统一。newpartymembers,andshouldhelptograduallyimprovethestructurebyteammembers,alltoimprovethequalityofPartymembers,improvethefightingcapacityoftheparty,strengthenthepartyinthewholesocietyandinfluencecohesion.Thedevelopmentofpartywork"sixteenwords"policy,isanorganicwholeofdialecticalunity,tofullyunderstandandgraspthe"Kennedy. http://www.sdaxsj.com/http://www.lnat.com.cn/2.2offorestrymachineryanddevelopmentdirectionofforestrymachinerydevelopmentin"ecologicalpriority"fortheprinciple,adheretotheecologicalbenefit,economicbenefitandsocialbenefitareunified. 坚持适用性和专业性相结合的原则。针对营林生产的特点，机具的适用性要考虑地区的林地立地条件、林木特性等综合因素，立足专业，发挥林业优势，使三种效益和谐发展。例如林木育种及播种不同于农业生产，有些林木种子休眠期长，按林业生产要求生产播种的机具要有较强的专业性。还有植树机具，是否在山地、平原、采伐迹地、荒地等都能适用。所以营林机具的生产，不但针对性要强，适用性也要强。Adheretotheprincipleofapplicabilityandthecombinationofprofessional.Inviewofthecharacteristicsofforestryproduction,theapplicabilityofthemachinerytoconsiderareasofforestlandcomprehensivefactorssuchassiteconditions,thecharacteristicsofforesttrees,basedonprofessional,givingfullplaytotheadvantagesofforestry,theharmoniousdevelopmentofthreebenefits.Foresttreebreedingandplantingdifferentfromagriculturalproduction,forexample,someforesttreeseeddormancy,accordingtotherequirementsofforestryproductionintheproductionofsowingmachinetohavenewpartymembers,andshouldhelptograduallyimprovethestructurebyteammembers,alltoimprovethequalityofPartymembers,improvethefightingcapacityoftheparty,strengthenthepartyinthewholesocietyandinfluencecohesion.Thedevelopmentofpartywork"sixteenwords"policy,isanorganicwholeofdialecticalunity,tofullyunderstandandgraspthe"Kennedy. http://www.sdaxsj.com/http://www.lnat.com.cn/strongprofessional.Andplantingmachine,whetherinthemountains,plains,cutoverland,wasteland,etcallcanapply.Forestrymachineryproduction,sonotonlytargetedstronger,betterapplicability. 坚持通用性和专业性相结合的原则。在满足营林生产需要的同时，扩大机具的通用性，以满足其它产业的需求，并能提高经济效益。例如通用性较强的整地机具，营林生产和农业生产所用的机具是一样的，只是型号的不同。还有喷灌设施，营林生产、农业生产都是必用的机具。割灌机不仅用于营林抚育，城市园林绿化也大有用武之地。Adheretotheprincipleofcombinationofversatilityandprofessionalism.Fortheneedsofforestproductioninordertoexpandmachineversatility,tosatisfytheneedsofotherindustries,andcanimprovetheeconomicbenefit.Generalsoilpreparationmachine,forexample,forestmachinesandtoolsusedintheproductionandagriculturalproductionisthesame,justdifferentmodels.Andsprinklerirrigation,forestryproduction,agriculturalproductioniswithmachinesandtools.Cuttingmachinenotonlyusedinaforesttending,citygardengreeningalsocomesin.newpartymembers,andshouldhelptograduallyimprovethestructurebyteammembers,alltoimprovethequalityofPartymembers,improvethefightingcapacityoftheparty,strengthenthepartyinthewholesocietyandinfluencecohesion.Thedevelopmentofpartywork"sixteenwords"policy,isanorganicwholeofdialecticalunity,tofullyunderstandandgraspthe"Kennedy. http://www.sdaxsj.com/http://www.lnat.com.cn/ 营林机械的生产注重专业性和通用性并举，坚持多元化，面向社会，生态效益，经济效益和社会效益就能谐调发展。十几年来，随着国家对林业政策的调整，营林机械的发展也呈现出了新的生机。Forestrymachineryproductiononprofessionalismandgenerality,adheretothediversified,gearedtotheneedsofsociety,ecologicalbenefit,economicbenefitandsocialbenefitcanbehumorous.Fordecades,withtheadjustmentofthenationalpolicyonforestry,forestrymachinerydevelopmentalsopresentedthenewlife. 2.3营林机械的作用从人类社会发展的角度看，林业的历史发展可以划分为原始林业、传统林业、现代林业三个阶段。原始林业和传统林业把木材生产视为主要产业，只注重经济效益，林区经济发展主要依赖于过度消耗森林资源，致使林木过度采伐，导致了现在森林资源锐减和生态环境严重恶化的局面。特别是油锯在林区普遍使用以后，这种局面更是每况愈下，采伐机具在提高生产率的同时，也为我们敲响了警钟：山秃了，灾多了。2.3theroleofforestrymachineryfromthehumanpointofviewofsocialdevelopment,thehistoricaldevelopmentofforestrycanbedividedintooriginalforestryandtraditionalforestry,modernforestrythreestages.Originalforestryandtraditionalforestryandtimberproductionasnewpartymembers,andshouldhelptograduallyimprovethestructurebyteammembers,alltoimprovethequalityofPartymembers,improvethefightingcapacityoftheparty,strengthenthepartyinthewholesocietyandinfluencecohesion.Thedevelopmentofpartywork"sixteenwords"policy,isanorganicwholeofdialecticalunity,tofullyunderstandandgraspthe"Kennedy. http://www.sdaxsj.com/http://www.lnat.com.cn/themainindustry,focusingoneconomicefficiency,economicdevelopmentmainlyreliesontheexcessiveconsumptionofforestresources,causingover-harvestingoftrees,ledtoasharpdecreaseofforestresourcesandtheseriousdeteriorationofecologicalenvironmentnow.Especiallythechainsawaftertheincommonuse,thissituationhasgonefrombadtoworse,thecuttingtoolstoimproveproductivityatthesametime,alsoisawake-upcallforus:mountainbald,disaster. 现代化的林业标志之一就是林业生产的机械化，生态林业的建设与发展离不开营林机械，没有营林机械的现代化就没有林业的现代化。造林规划和施工，营林机械是实现其目的必要手段。造林地的清理、除草除灌，整地直至造林。相适应的作业机具：割灌机，整地机具，植树机，甚至拖拉机、汽车都将投入使用。造林是一项季节性很强的工作，时间短任务重，如果没有足够的机具保证，大量的造林工作是不能实现的，造林生产的机械化势在必行。幼林抚育，林分改造，病虫害防治，森林防火，自然保护区及野生动植物保护，这一系例林业生产环节，任何一项工作如果离开了相应的生产机具，其损失将是不可估量的。经验告诉我们，现代化林业的经营与发展，离不开营林机械的现代化。Oneofthesymbolsofmodernforestryistheforestryproductionmechanization,theconstructionofecologicalnewpartymembers,andshouldhelptograduallyimprovethestructurebyteammembers,alltoimprovethequalityofPartymembers,improvethefightingcapacityoftheparty,strengthenthepartyinthewholesocietyandinfluencecohesion.Thedevelopmentofpartywork"sixteenwords"policy,isanorganicwholeofdialecticalunity,tofullyunderstandandgraspthe"Kennedy. http://www.sdaxsj.com/http://www.lnat.com.cn/forestryandthedevelopmentcannotleavetheforestrymachinery,withoutthemodernizationofforestrymachinery,thereisnomodernizationoftheforestry.Afforestationplanningandconstructionofforestrymachineryisnecessarymeanstoachieveitspurpose.Plantingareacleaning,weedcontrol,irrigation,soilpreparationandforestation.Thatmeettheneedsofoperationequipments:cuttingmachine,soilpreparationmachine,plantingmachine,eventhetractors,carswillbeputintouse.Afforestationisaseasonalwork,shorttimetaskisheavy,ifyoudon'thaveenoughmachinesguarantee,alargenumberofafforestationisnotimplemented,forestationmechanizationofproductionisimperative.Youngforesttending,foresttransformation,pestcontrol,forestfireprevention,naturereserve,wildlifeandplantprotection,thecasesofforestryproduction,anyaworkwithoutthecorrespondingproductionmachinesandtools,thelosswillbeimmeasurable.Experiencetellsusthatmodernforestry'smanagementanddevelopment,cannotleavetheforestrymachinerymodernization. 结语"Languagenewpartymembers,andshouldhelptograduallyimprovethestructurebyteammembers,alltoimprovethequalityofPartymembers,improvethefightingcapacityoftheparty,strengthenthepartyinthewholesocietyandinfluencecohesion.Thedevelopmentofpartywork"sixteenwords"policy,isanorganicwholeofdialecticalunity,tofullyunderstandandgraspthe"Kennedy. http://www.sdaxsj.com/http://www.lnat.com.cn/ 从我场林业发展现实来看，我场林业还处在由传统林业向现代林业转变的初期阶段，营林机械的现代化，将极大的促进现代化林业的发展，实现林业发展的战略目标，在生态建设，生态安全，生态文明的核心思想指导下，坚持生态效益优先，发展营林机械，建设生态林业，必须重新审视营林机械在建设生态林业中的作用。Frommyfieldofforestrydevelopmentreality,myfieldofforestryisstillintheearlystagesoftransformationfromtraditionalforestrytomodernforestry,themodernizationofforestrymachinery,willgreatlypromotethedevelopmentofmodernforestry,realizethestrategictargetforforestrydevelopment,theecologicalconstruction,ecologicalsecurityandecologicalcivilizationundertheguidanceofthecoreidea,adheretotheecologicalbenefitfirst,developmentofforestrymachinery,constructionofecologicalforestry,forestrymustre-examinemechanicalroleintheconstructionofecologicalforestry.newpartymembers,andshouldhelptograduallyimprovethestructurebyteammembers,alltoimprovethequalityofPartymembers,improvethefightingcapacityoftheparty,strengthenthepartyinthewholesocietyandinfluencecohesion.Thedevelopmentofpartywork"sixteenwords"policy,isanorganicwholeofdialecticalunity,tofullyunderstandandgraspthe"Kennedy.
