资源描述：
《光电效应论文爱因斯坦英文版》由会员上传分享，免费在线阅读，更多相关内容在学术论文-天天文库。
1、A.Einstein,Ann.Phys.17,1321905ConcerninganHeuristicPointofViewTowardtheEmissionandTransformationofLightA.EinsteinBern,17March1905(ReceivedMarch18,1905)TranslationintoEnglishAmericanJournalofPhysics,v.33,n.5,May1965——¦♦¦——Aprofoundformaldistinctionexistsbetweenthetheoreticalconceptswhichphysicist
2、shaveformedregardinggasesandotherponderablebodiesandtheMaxwelliantheoryofelectromagneticprocessesinso–calledemptyspace.Whileweconsiderthestateofabodytobecompletelydeterminedbythepositionsandvelocitiesofaverylarge,yetfinite,numberofatomsandelectrons,wemakeuseofcontinuousspatialfunctionstodescribet
3、heelectromagneticstateofagivenvolume,andafinitenumberofparameterscannotberegardedassufficientforthecompletedeterminationofsuchastate.AccordingtotheMaxwelliantheory,energyistobeconsideredacon-tinuousspatialfunctioninthecaseofallpurelyelectromagneticphenomenaincludinglight,whiletheenergyofaponderable
4、objectshould,accordingtothepresentconceptionsofphysicists,berepresentedasasumcarriedovertheatomsandelectrons.Theenergyofaponderablebodycannotbesubdividedintoarbitrarilymanyorarbitrarilysmallparts,whiletheenergyofabeamoflightfromapointsource(accordingtotheMaxwelliantheoryoflightor,moregenerally,a
5、ccordingtoanywavetheory)iscontinuouslyspreadaneverincreasingvolume.Thewavetheoryoflight,whichoperateswithcontinuousspatialfunc-tions,hasworkedwellintherepresentationofpurelyopticalphenomena1andwillprobablyneverbereplacedbyanothertheory.Itshouldbekeptinmind,however,thattheopticalobservationsrefer
6、totimeaveragesratherthaninstantaneousvalues.Inspiteofthecompleteexperimentalconfirma-tionofthetheoryasappliedtodiffraction,reflection,refraction,dispersion,etc.,itisstillconceivablethatthetheoryoflightwhichoperateswithcon-tinuousspatialfunctionsmayleadtocontradictionswithexperiencewhenitisappliedto
7、thephenomenaofemissionandtransformationoflight.Itseemstomethattheobservationsassociatedwithblackbodyradia-tion,fluorescence,theproductionofcathoderaysbyultravioletlight,andotherrelatedphenomenaconnectedwiththeemissionortransf
