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页数:8页
时间:2019-05-22
《同位语及状语》由会员上传分享,免费在线阅读,更多相关内容在行业资料-天天文库。
1、英语里同位语也是一种名词修饰语,单词、短语和从句都可用作同位语,最简单而又常见的同位语是位于所修饰的先行词之后,用来说明身份、职务、称号等的名词或名词短语。下面就从同位语的引导方式、同位语的构成来谈谈英语同位语。一、同位语的引导方式1.通常用逗号将同位语与其所修饰的先行词隔开,表示一种普通的同位关系。如:A.ThisisMr.Black,directorofourhospital.B.Sheisagoodteacher,thefriendofyours.2.有时也可用破折号或冒号引导同位语,用破折号,停顿较长,对同位语起强调
2、的作用;用冒号,停顿最长,强调的作用更大。A.Theorphan'sdailynecessities—clothes,food,etc.—aresuppliedbyakind-heartedteacher.B.Inasensenounscanbedividedintotwokinds:thecountablenounandtheuncountablenoun.3.有时同位语之前带有引导词,表示同位成分之间的特殊意义。常见的同位语引导词有as,or,chiefly,especially,forexample,forinstan
3、ce,inshort,mainly,mostly,namely,thatis,inparticular,inotherwords,including,thatistosay,suchas,say,particularly,what,which,who,when,where,why,how,that,whether等。例如:A.Thereremainsonlyoneproblem,namelywhotheyshouldsendtoheadtheresearchthere.B.Didhegiveyouapound,orahund
4、redpence?C.Alotofpeoplehere,forexample,John,wouldratherhavecoffee.D.Ihavenoideawhathashappenedtohim.4.另外,无需借用任何引导词或标点符号,而将同位语直接置于先行词之后。A.IhavethehonortointroduceJohn'ssisterJanetoyou.B.TomgavehisfriendJohnabook.二、同位语的构成1.名词及其短语(有时有逗号隔开)A.GeorgeBush,thepresentAmeric
5、anpresident,wasthegovernorofthestateofTexas.B.Iwantverymuchtoreadthesenewnovels,especiallytheoneyoumentioned.2.动名词短语(有逗号隔开)A.Heenjoystheexercise,swimminginwinter.B.Askinghimtojoinus,that'sagoodidea.3.不定式短语(有时有逗号隔开)A.Thereisonethinghe'llneverdo—telllies.B.Thequestio
6、nwhattodonexthasn'tbeenconsidered.4.形容词及其短语(有逗号隔开)A.He,shortandthin,isunfitforthejob.B.Allthecountries,bigorsmall,areequal.5.介词短语(有时有逗号隔开)Astheheadofthecompany,hehadtoexplainwhathadhappened.=He,theheadofthecompany,hadtoex-plainwhathadhappened.6.名词性从句(其前面的先行词一般都带有定冠
7、词the)。这样的先行词有fact,news,truth,knowledge,idea,hope,question,problem,assumption等。例如:A.Youhaveyettoanswermyquestionwhetheryoucanlendmeyourbike.B.Theyhadtofacethefactthatthenearestfillingstationis30kilometersaway.同位语有两种情况:1可以是一个名词或定语。2可以是一个从句句子(同位语从句)同位语除了与主语有同等地位外,最重要的
8、一点是对主语先行词做“补充说明作用”。不知道你学过同位语从句没有?以下举个同位语从句的例子给你会清晰很多:ex:Thisisanoldtemplethatwasbuiltin17century。(同位语从句)(that后的从句wasbuiltin17century是先行词temple的同
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