Enhancing Education

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1、EnhancingEvolutionThispageintentionallyleftblankEnhancingEvolutionTheEthicalCaseforMakingBetterPeopleJohnHarrisPRINCETONUNIVERSITYPRESSPrincetonandOxfordCopyright©2007byPrincetonUniversityPressPublishedbyPrincetonUniversityPress,41WilliamStreet,Princeton,NewJersey08540IntheUnitedKingdom:Princet

2、onUniversityPress,3MarketPlace,Woodstock,OxfordshireOX201SYAllRightsReservedISBN:978-0-691-12844-3(alk.paper)LibraryofCongressControlNumber:2007928679AcataloguerecordforthisbookisavailablefromtheBritishLibraryThisbookhasbeencomposedinPalatinoTypesetbyT&TProductionsLtd,LondonPrintedonacid-freepa

3、per∞press.princeton.eduPrintedintheUnitedStatesofAmerica10987654321ForJacobThispageintentionallyleftblankContentsForewordbySteveRaynerixAcknowledgmentsxvIntroduction11HasHumankindaFuture?82EnhancementIsaMoralDuty193WhatEnhancementsAreandWhyTheyMatter364Immortality595ReproductiveChoiceandtheDemo

4、craticPresumption726DisabilityandSuper-Ability867PerfectionandtheBlueGuitar1098GoodandBadUsesofTechnology1239DesignerChildren14310TheIrredeemableParadoxoftheEmbryo16011TheObligationtoPursueandParticipateinResearch184Notes207Bibliography227Index239viiThispageintentionallyleftblankForewordBySteve

5、Rayner1ThisbookevolvedfromaseriesofinvitedpubliclecturesdeliveredattheJamesMartinInstituteforScienceandCivilization.Theinsti-tutewasfoundedatOxfordUniversity’sSaïdBusinessSchoolin2004,supportedbyagenerousbenefactionfromtheJamesMartinTrust.2Ourmissionattheinstituteistofocusonthemajorscienceandte

6、chnologyissuesthatarelikelytoshapethenextdecadetocentury.Wherepossible,weseektohighlightopportunitieswhererelativelymodestinvestmentsorinterventionsinthepresenthavethepotentialtopropagate,overtime,topreventharmsandencouragethegenerationofgreatergoodsforhumanity.Tothisend,theinstituteisdevelopin

7、gtwocorecapabilities.Thefirstisinlong-rangethinkingaboutalternativepossiblestatesoftheworld,althoughnotnecessarilyallofitatthesametime.Weseektothinkintelligentlyandnondeterministicallyaboutthefutureofawiderangeofinstitutions,includ