working with discourse--meaning beyond the clause

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1、1.Inasensethenthisbookisaninvitationtogrammarianstoreconsidermeaningintheclausefromtheperspectiveofmeaningintexts;anditisalsoaninvitationtosocialtheoriststoreconsidersocialactivityasmeaningwenegotiatethroughtexts.(P.29)2.Grammariansareparticularlyinterestedintypesofclausesandtheirelements.Buttexts

2、areusuallybiggerthansimpleclauses,soadiscourseanalysthasmoretoworryaboutthanagrammarian(expandedhorizons).Bythesametoken,culturesmanifestthemselvesthroughamyriadoftexts,andsocialtheoristsaremoreinterestedinhowsocialcontextsarerelatedtooneanotherthaninhowtheyareinternallyorganizedastexts(globalhori

3、zons).Discourseanalysisemploysthetoolsofgrammarianstoidentifytherolesofwordingsinpassagesoftext,andemploythetoolsofsocialtheoriststoexplainwhytheymakethemeaningstheydo.(p.32)3.Forusagenreisastaged,goal-orientedsocialprocess.Socialbecauseweparticipateingenreswithotherpeople;goal-orientedbecauseweus

4、egenrestogetthingsdone;stagedbecauseitusuallytakesusafewstepstoreachourgoals.(p.36)4.inourviewideologyandpowerrunthroughthewholeensembleoflanguageandculture,positioningpeoplewithineachsocialcontextashavingmoreorlesspower,andopeningornarrowingtheiraccesstoresourcesformeaning.Ofcourse,uptoapointalls

5、peakersofalanguageshareanequalrangeofmeaning-makingresources,buttherearealsocertainvarietiesofmeaningsthatarenotequallydistributed.Theseincluderesourcesforengaginginthewrittendiscoursesofcontemporarysocialinstitutions,suchassciences,governmentandeducation.OneimportantstrandofworkinSFLhasbeentoprov

6、ideaccesstothesediscoursesthroughliteracypedagogiesgroundedindiscourseanalysis.Anotherstrandhasbeentoinvestigatetheprinciplesbywhichaccesstomeaningisunequallydistributed,alongthelinesofgeneration,gender,class,incapacityandethnicity.(p.44)5.…amplifyingattitudeinvolvesasetofresourcesforadjustinghows

7、tronglywefeelaboutpeopleandthings.Technicallywerefertotheseresourcesasforce.Weusethemtoturnthevolumeupordown.Gradingexperientialboundariesinvolvesresourcesthatsharpenorblurapparentlycategoricaldistinctions.Techni