《逻辑哲学论》导读-09

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1、第六章逻辑方法n3、真值与真值函项n真与真值《逻辑哲学论》导读n真值的可能情况n真值条件nTF-符号系统n真值函项哲学学院邵强进n真值函项的种类与真值形式qjshao@fudan.edu.cnn真值联结词n联结词的功能完备性n合舍与析舍n真值运算与真值函项的一般形式3、真与真值真值的可能情况n真与假4.06Propositionscanbetrueorfalseonlybybeingpicturesofthereality.n4.27Withregardtotheexistenceofnnn真假标准4.05Realityiscomparedwitht

2、heatomicfactsthereareKn=å()v=0vproposition.4.25Iftheelementarypossibilities.propositionistrue,theatomicfactexists;ifitisfalsetheatomicfactdoesnotexist.nItispossibleforallcombinationsn真的基本命题与世界的完全描述ofatomicfactstoexist,andthen4.26Thespecificationofalltrueothersnottoexist.element

3、arypropositionsdescribesthen4.3Thetruth-possibilitiesoftheworldcompletely.Theworldiscompletelyelementarypropositionsmeanthedescribedbythespecificationofallpossibilitiesoftheexistenceandelementarypropositionsplusthespecification,whichofthemaretrueandnon-existenceoftheatomicfacts

4、.whichfalse.重复排列组合事态的真假组合n排列组合:nn个事态，每一个都有存在与不存在两种组合，其数目是从2个相异的事物允许重n从n个相异事物中取r个元素，考虑顺序，其排列数目为P=n!复地取出n个事物构成的重复排列的数nr(n-r)!目，即2n，由于要考虑顺序，它不是组n从n个相异事物中取r个元素，不考虑顺n!nPr合，也不是重复组合。序，其组合数目为nCr==nn(n-r)!r!r!nå()与二项式定理的中的二项式系数有关n允许重复的排列组合:v=0vnnnrn-rn二项式定理：(a+b)=å()ab(n=1,2,¼¼)n从n个相异事物

5、中允许重复地取出r个事r=0rr物，其排列数目为nÕr=nnn!(n+r-1)!()==C,r=0,1,2,¼¼£n=0,1,2,¼¼其组合数目为nHr=(n+r-1)Cr=n其中rr!(n-r)!nrr!(n-1)!1真值条件真值条件的序列n4.4Apropositionistheexpressionofagreementanddisagreementwiththetruth-n4.45Fornelementarypropositionspossibilitiesoftheelementarypropositions.thereareLpossib

6、legroupsofnn4.41Thetruth-possibilitiesoftheelementarytruth-conditions.Thegroupsofpropositionsaretheconditionsofthetruthandfalsehoodofthepropositions.truth-conditionswhichbelongton4.42Withregardtotheagreementandthetruth-possibilitiesofanumberdisagreementofapropositionwiththetrut

7、h-possibilitiesofnelementarypropositionsofelementarypropositionscanbeKnKtherearenK2norderedinaseries.pqå()=L=2n=2possibilities.nk=0kTTT4.431Theexpressionoftheagreementandn（TTFT）（p,q）disagreementwiththetruth-possibilitiesofFTTn(WWFW)(p,q)theelementarypropositionsexpressestheTFtr

8、uth-conditionsoftheproposition.Thenwharfalschpropositi