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1、WaltWhitman(1819-1892)■Whitman'svisionofthepoetandthepoetryPoetasaseer,aminister,aclergyman,ateacher,thechurch,theprophetPoetryasanorganicdevelopment/growthoutofnature/fromwithin---humanheart,intuition,insight.Emerson’s"organicprinciple"---theintuitiveresponsetothelife/sponta
2、neity/poet'spassion,heart,withoutrestraintfromoutside.anatural/spontaneousproduct/outcomeWhitman'spoetry---freegrowthofthought,ideas,outofintuitionfreeverseinform:run-onlinesyetwithfeelings,emotions,ideasastheoverriding/underlyingelements/"discipline"■Whitmanasachildofhisage1
3、.Idealism:man'sdivinity,insight/intuitiondivineandtrusted/2.Individualism:infinitudeofthepossibilitiesforman(I=all/you/him/they)(I=God)(I=cosmos/thewholeuniverse)(I=nature:"plant""grass""leave";extensionofself)3.DemocraticvisionoflifeandmanOpeninglineofthebook:One'sselfIsing,
4、asimpleseparateperson,YetutterthewordDemocratic,thewordEn-Masse.Tworepresentativepoems:"SongofMyself""CrossingBrooklynFerry"LeavesofGrassSingularity-pluralitydistinctiveness-samenessindividuality-commonalitydetachment-attachmentdiversity-unityImportantissuesindiscussion:birth
5、-death-rebirthBodyandSoulGoodandEvilPast,PresentandFutureHighandLow;Aristocracyandcommonality;GenteelandvulgarSexuality4.SpiritofAmericannationalexpansion■WhitmanasanexperimentalistortheforerunnerIrregularityorunconventionality:verseform,metricalsystem,rhymeschemeyet"discipli
6、ned":★parallelism→universality/unityrecurrentphoneticpatterns;systematicrepetitionofwordsandphrases★cataloguing/enumeration/listing→diversity/difference----all-inclusive,endless,limitless,infinitude,possibilities----rhythmofthought,wavesofemotionEmilyDickinson(1830-1886)HerIm
7、portance★poeticalachievement:modernism★19thcenturywomenexperience:"cultofwomanhood"(fourcharacteristicsanygoodandproperyoungwomanshouldcultivate:piety,purity,domesticity,andsubmissiveness.)Herlifeexperienceprivate,shy,rebellious,formaleducation,recluse,withdrawnthehauntingima
8、geofawomaninwhiteHerpoeticachievement1775poems,yetafrustratingexperi