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1、语言学教程复习题与答案(胡壮麟版第四章)I.DecidewhethereachofthefollowingstatementsisTrueorFalse:1.Syntaxisasubfiedoflinguisticsthatstudiesthesentencestructureoflanguage,includingthecombinationofmorphemesintowords.2.Grammaticalsentencesareformedfollowingasetofsyntacticrules.3.Sentencesarecomp
2、osedofsequenceofwordsarrangedinasimplelinearorder,withoneaddingontoanotherfollowingasimplearithmeticlogic.4.Universallyfoundinthegrammarsofallhumanlanguages,syntacticrulesthatcomprisethesystemofinternalizedlinguisticknowledgeofalanguagespeak-erareknownaslinguisticcompetenc
3、e.5.Thesyntacticrulesofanylanguagearefiniteinnumber,butthereisnolimittothenumberofsentencesnativespeakersofthatlanguageareabletoproduceandcomprehend.6.Inacomplexsentence,thetwoclausesholdunequalstatus,onesubordinatingtheother.7.Constituentsthatcanbesubstitutedforoneanother
4、withoutlossofgrammaticalitybelongtothesamesyntacticcategory.8.Minorlexicalcategoriesareopenbecausethesecategoriesarenotfixedandnewmembersareallowedfor.9.InEnglishsyntacticanalysis,fourphrasalcategoriesarecommonlyrecognizedanddiscussed,namely,nounphrase,verbphrase,infinitiv
5、ephrase,andauxiliaryphrase.10.InEnglishthesubjectusuallyprecedestheverbandthedirectobjectusuallyfollowstheverb.11.Whatisactuallyinternalizedinthemindofanativespeakerisacompletelistofwordsandphrasesratherthangrammaticalknowledge.12.Anounphrasemustcontainanoun,butotherelemen
6、tsareoptional.13.Itisbelievedthatphrasestructurerules,withtheinsertionofthelexicon,generatesentencesatthelevelofD-structure.14.WH-movementisobligatoryinEnglishwhichchangesasentencefromaffirmativetointerrogative.II.Fillineachofthefollowingblankswithonewordwhichbeginswiththe
7、lettergiven:15. As________sentenceconsistsofasingleclausewhichcontainsasub-jectandapredicateandstandsaloneasitsownsentence.16.As______isastructurallyindependentunitthatusuallycomprisesanumberofwordstoformacompletestatement,questionorcommand.17.As______maybeanounoranounphra
8、seinasentencethatusuallyprecedesthepredicate.18.Thepartofasentencewhichcomprisesafiniteve
