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1、TheKnown,TheUnknownandTheUnknowableWearealltaughtwhatisknown,butwerarelylearnaboutwhatisnotknown,andwealmostneverlearnabouttheunknowable.Thatbiascanleadtomisconceptionsabouttheworldaroundus.Theknownispressedonusfromthefirst.Inschoolwestarteachcourseatthe
2、beginningofalongbookfullofthingsthatareknownbutthatwedonotyetknow.Weunderstandthatbeyondthatbookliesanotherbookandthatbeyondthatcourseliesanothercourse.Thefrontierofknowledge,whereitfinallybordersontheunknown,seemsfarawayandirrelevant,separatedfromusbyan
3、apparentlyendlessexpanseoftheknown.Wedonotseethatwemaybeproceedingdownanarrowpathofknowledgeandthatifwelookslightlyleftorrightwewillbestaringdirectlyattheunknown.Evenwhenwearerightontheedgeoftheunknown,wemaynotbeawareofit.Thoseofuswholearnedthehistoryoft
4、hePersianWarsinschooldidnotknowthattheeventssovividlydescribedareallbasedonthewritingsoftheonesourcewhosurvived—Herodotus.IfyouwanttoknowalmostanythingthathappenedintheGreeceofthattimeanditwasnotrecordedbyHerodotus,itisunknownandinallprobabilitycanneverb
5、eknown.Butwedidnotthinkofhisaccountsasfragmentsofknowledgeontheedgeoftheunknown;itwasjustmorestufffromthehugepileoffactswehadtolearnaboutthehistoryofGreece.Becauseofsuchlessons,wegrowupthinkingmoreisknownthanactuallyis.Ifwehadabetterdescriptionofthelimit
6、sofpresentknowledge,thatdescriptioncouldbeapartofwhatwearetaught.Suchinsightwouldgiveusabetterperspectiveonwhatisknownandwhatiscurrentlyunknown.Intime,manythingsnowunknownwillbecomeknown.Wewilllearnmoreaboutwhatliesbelowthesurfaceoftheearth,andwemaylearn
7、howneuronsinteracttoletusperceiveandthink.Theaccumulatingpileofdatacanbemisleading,however.Beyondthecurrentlyunknownarethethingsthatareinherentlyunknowable.Fewunknowableareconsciouslyrecognizedassuch.Theoutcomeofaspinningroulettewheelandthelocalweatherth
8、reemonthsfromnowbelongtothatsmallclass.Everyday,however,webumpintophenomenathatmaywellbeunknowablebutthatwedonotrecognizeassuch.Someoftheseunknowableformthebasesofrespectedprofessions.Brokersmakealivinganticipatingthefluct
