Strunk & White - The Elements of Style, 4th Edition

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1、TheELEMENTSofSTYLEBYWILLIAMSTRUNKJr.WithRevisions,anIntroduction,andaChapteronWritingBYE.B.WHITEFOURTHEDITION[Noteonscan--Leftinthistextwhenreferingtotheactualtextmeansthetop,Rightmeansthebottom:Thelogwaspartiallysubmerged.(TopandLeft)Thelogwaspartlys

2、ubmerged.(BottomandRight)Thisisconsistantthroughoutthetext.]ContentsFOREWORDINTRODUCTIONI.ELEMENTARYRULESOFUSAGE1.Formthepossessivesingularofnounsbyadding's.2.Inaseriesofthreeormoretermswithasingleconjunction,useacommaaftereachtermexceptthelast.3.Encl

3、oseparentheticexpressionsbetweencommas.4.Placeacommabeforeaconjunctionintroducinganindependentclause.5.Donotjoinindependentclauseswithacomma.6.Donotbreaksentencesintwo.7.Useacolonafteranindependentclausetointroducealistofparticulars,anappositive,anamp

4、lification,oranillustrativequotation.8.Useadashtosetoffanabruptbreakorinterruptionandtoannouncealongappositiveorsummary.9.Thenumberofthesubjectdeterminesthenumberoftheverb.10.Usethepropercaseofpronoun.11.Aparticipialphraseatthebeginningofasentencemust

5、refertothegrammaticalsubject.II.ELEMENTARYPRINCIPLESOFCOMPOSITION12.Chooseasuitabledesignandholdtoit.13.Maketheparagraphtheunitofcomposition.14.Usetheactivevoice.15.Putstatementsinpositiveform.16.Usedefinite,specific,concretelanguage.17.Omitneedlesswo

6、rds.18.Avoidasuccessionofloosesentences.19.Expresscoordinateideasinsimilarform.20.Keeprelatedwordstogether.21.Insummaries,keeptoonetense.22.Placetheemphaticwordsofasentenceattheend.III.AFEWMATTERSOFFORMIV.WORDSANDEXPRESSIONSCOMMONLYMISUSEDV.ANAPPROACH

7、TOSTYLE(WithaListofReminders)1.Placeyourselfinthebackground.2.Writeinawaythatcomesnaturally.3.Workfromasuitabledesign.4.Writewithnounsandverbs.5.Reviseandrewrite.6.Donotoverwrite.7.Donotoverstate.8.Avoidtheuseofqualifiers.9.Donotaffectabreezymanner.10

8、.Useorthodoxspelling.11.Donotexplaintoomuch.12.Donotconstructawkwardadverbs.13.Makesurethereaderknowswhoisspeaking.14.Avoidfancywords.15.Donotusedialectunlessyourearisgood.16.Beclear.17.Donotinjectopinion.18.Usefiguresofspeechsparingly.19.Dono