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1、Chapter23EMPIRICALSTRATEGIESINLABORECONOMICSJOSHUAD.ANGRIST*MITandNBERALANB.KRUEGER*PrincetonUniversityandNBERContentsAbstract1278JELcodes12781Introduction12782Identificationstrategiesforcausalrelationships12822.1Therangeofcausalquestions12822.2Identificationinregressionmodels12
2、842.3Consequencesofheterogeneityandnon-linearity13092.4Refutability13263Datacollectionstrategies13293.1Secondarydatasets13323.2Primarydatacollectionandsurveymethods13353.3Administrativedataandrecordlinkage13383.4Combiningsamples13394Measurementissues13394.1Measurementerrormodels
3、13404.2Theextentofmeasurementerrorinlabordata13444.3Weightingandallocatedvalues13525Summary1354AppendixA1355A.1DerivationofEq.(9)inthetext1355A.2DerivationofEq.(34)inthetext1355A.3Schoolinginthe1990Census]357References135'7*WethankEricBettinger,LuciaBreierova,KristenHarknett,Aar
4、onSiskind,DianeWhitmore,EricWang,andSteveWuforresearchassistance.ForhelpfulcommentsanddiscussionswethankAlbertoAbadie,DaronAcemoglu,JereBehiman,DavidCard,AngusDeaton,JeffKling,GuidoImbens,ChrisMazingo,StevePischke,andCeciliaRouse.Ofcourse,errorsandomissionsaresolelytheworkofthea
5、uthors.ltandbookofLaborEconomics,Volume3,EditedbyO.AshenJelterandD.Card©1999ElsevierScienceB.V.Allrightsreserved.127712783".D.AngristandA.B.KruegerAbstractThischapterprovidesanoverviewofthemethodologicalandpracticalissuesthatarisewhenestimatingcausalrelationshipsthatareofinteres
6、ttolaboreconomists.Thesubjectmatterincludesidentification,datacollection,andmeasurementproblems.Fouridentificationstrategiesarediscussed,andfiveempiricalexamples-theeffectsofschooling,unions,immigration,militaryservice,andclasssize-illustratethemethodologicalpoints.Indiscussinge
7、achexample,weadoptanexperimentalistperspectivethatemphasizesthedistinctionbetweenvariablesthathavecausaleffects,controlvariables,andoutcomevariables.Thechapteralsodiscussessecondarydatasets,primarydatacollectionstrategies,andadministrativedata.Thesectiononmeasurementissuesfocuse
8、sonrecentempiricalexamples,presentsasummaryofem
