The Literature of Romanticism

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1、TheLiteratureofRomanticism(1)Romanticism:aliterarytrendormovementattheturnofthe18thand19thcenturiesunderthehistoricalbackgroundoftheIndustrialRevolutionaround1760andtheFrenchRevolution(1789-1799)Romantic:aschoolofliteratureopposedtotheClassic,firstusedbytheGermancriticFriedrichSchlegelatthebeg

2、inningofthe19thcentury,carriedtoEnglandandFrancefromGermanySomeCharacteristicsofRomanticism1.Highesteemformanasindividualsindividualhumanpersonality2.Romanticoptimismanimplicitfaithintheinnategoodnessofhumannature3.TheRomanticconceptofnatureman&nature:complementarypartsofawhole4.TheRomanticapp

3、ealtoimaginationandfeelingsgreatimportancetoimaginationandfeelingsAmericanRomanticism•Twoperiods:1.ThefirstperiodofAmericanRomanticismoftheEarlyNationalPeriod(1800-1830)1)theAmericansceneandcivilization;theirmaterialsinthecultureandhistory,theloreandlandscapeoftheirnativeland2)Irving,Cooperand

4、Bryant2.ThesecondperiodofAmericanRomanticism1)the“AmericanRenaissance”•2)itsowncultureandliteratureagreatchampion:RalphWaldoEmersonTheAmericanScholar(1837):theAmericanScholar“DeclarationofIndependence”“Ourdayofdependence,ourlongapprenticeshiptothelearningofotherlands,drawstoaclose.”“Wewillwalk

5、onourownfeet;wewillworkwithourownhands;wewillspeakourownminds.”3)“NewEngland’sGoldenAge”,“TheFloweringofNewEngland”EarlyRomantics•1.Background1)fromtheendofthe18thcenturytotheCivilWar2)radicalchangesinallaspectsofAmericanlife3)anewliteraryexpression•2.Distinctfeatures1)tomoralize,toedify2)anen

6、tirelynewexperiencealientoEuropeanculture3)afeelingof“newness”whichinspiredtheromanticimagination•3.NewEnglandpoets1)theidealsofthegenteel19thcenturyculture,themoralitythecultureadmired2)America’legends,America’spastandcontemporaryeventsinAmericanlife3)conservativeandimitative,usingEuropeanlit

7、eraryformsandpoliteliterarylanguage4)traditionalmeters,stanzaforms,stereotypedmetaphorsandsuperficialsymbolism5)ratedmuchlowerthanintheirowntimelanguage:toorefined,notnativeAmericanlanguageorexpressionsubjectmatter:thepicturesque,justth