Photovoltaics Basic Design Principles and Components

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1、DOE/GO-10097-377FS231ENERGYMarch1997EFFICIENCYPhotovoltaics:BasicDesignANDRCENEWABLEPrinciplesandComponentsELENERGYIfyouarethinkingofgeneratingyourIntroductiontoPVTechnologyownelectricity,youshouldconsideraSinglePVcells(alsoknownas“solarphotovoltaic(PV)system—awaytogen-cells”)areconnectedelectric

2、allytoformerateelectricitybyusingenergyfromtheARPVmodules,whicharethebuildingblockssun.Thesesystemshaveseveraladvan-ofPVsystems.Themoduleisthesmallesttages:theyarecost-effectivealternativesinPVunitthatcanbeusedtogeneratesub-areaswhereextendingautilitypowerlinestantialamountsofPVpower.Althoughisve

3、ryexpensive;theyhavenomovingindividualPVcellsproduceonlysmallpartsandrequirelittlemaintenance;andINamountsofelectricity,PVmodulesaretheyproduceelectricitywithoutpollutingmanufacturedwithvaryingelectricalout-theenvironment.putsrangingfromafewwattstomorethan100wattsofdirectcurrent(DC)elec-GThispubl

4、icationwillintroduceyoutothetricity.ThemodulescanbeconnectedintobasicdesignprinciplesandcomponentsofPVarraysforpoweringawidevarietyofHPVsystems.Itwillalsohelpyoudiscusselectricalequipment.thesesystemsknowledgeablywithanequipmentsupplierorsysteminstaller.TwoprimarytypesofPVtechnologiesOBecausethis

5、publicationisnotintendedtoavailablecommerciallyarecrystallinesili-covereverythingaboutdesigningandconandthinfilm.Incrystalline-siliconinstallingaPVsystem,alistofadditionaltechnologies,individualPVcellsarecutUSPVresourcesisprovidedattheend.fromlargesinglecrystalsorfromingotsofcrystallinesilicon.In

6、thin-filmPVtechnologies,thePVmaterialisdepositedonglassorthinmetalEthatmechanicallysup-portsthecellormodule.Thin-film-basedmodulesareproducedinsheetsthataresizedforspeci-fiedelectricaloutputs.InadditiontoPVmod-ules,thecomponentsneededtocompleteaPVsystemmayincludeabatterychargecontroller,batteries

7、,aninverterorpowercontrolunit(foralternating-currentloads),safetydisconnectsost/PIX01809andfuses,agroundingJimYcircuit,andwiring.(SeeThisstand-alonePVsystemconsistsoffourmodules,eachwithBalance-of-SystemEquip-36cells.I