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1、AnOverviewOfArcticHazeAndSurfaceOzoneDepletionAtPolarSunriseLeonardA.BarriePacificNorthwestNationalLaboratoryLeonard.barrie@pnl.govCLIMATECHANGETOXICSARCTICHAZEACIDRAINOZONEDEPLETION197075808590952000HISTORYOFPRIORITYISSUESRESEARCHEDINTHEARCTICArcticSulphurPollutionisWidespread: Eurasiai
2、sConnectedtoNorthAmericasulphatesodiummethylsulphonatealuminumSeasonalityofMajorAerosolComponentsAtAlert:1980-1995FromSirois,A.andL.A.Barrie,1999,J.G.R.,104D,11599-11618.ApportionmentOfAerosolMassAtNyAlesundinSpringof1996.(Staebleretal,J.G.R.,1999,103D,5515-5529)Theaverageestimatedmassco
3、ncentrationinµgm-3isgivenatthetopofeachbar.Anaverageapportionmentisshownforeachquartileofdailymeanaccumulationmodeaerosolvolume.ThetopquartileismostpollutedfromEuropeandRussiawhilethelowestquartileisofftheNorthAtlanticandGreenland.“Other”areremainingmeasuredanionsandcations“Unknown”ismos
4、tprobablytheorganicfraction.ThePrimaryNitrogenOxideInArcticHazePollutionisPANCourtesyofDr.J.BottenheimAlertCanada1988AerosolbromineAerosoliodineAnlaufFigureBarrie,L.A.,J.W.Bottenheim,R.C.Schnell,P.J.CrutzenandR.A.Rasmussen,OzonedestructionandphotochemicalreactionsatpolarinthelowerArctica
5、tmosphere,Nature,334,138-141.(1988).OZONEANDMERCURYDEPLETION OVERTHEARCTICOCEAN01ALTITUDE(km)CDEPOSITED&SEASALTX-O3p-X+HX;p-Hg++X2,X`X``HOXOCEANSNOW&ICEINVERSIONTOPH2SO4,Br-,Cl-I-,I2O3-,NOx-,Organics,Hg++O3,HCs,NOy,Hg0O3DESTROYED:XO+XO--->X2+O22X+2O3--->2XO+2O2HXAEROSOLS&ICE:GASES:XXOX=B
6、r,Cl,IO3HO2,HCHOHO2SpatialDistributionofTroposphericBrOInTheArcticfromGOMESatelliteObservationsLu,J.Y.,W.H.Schroeder,L.A.Barrieetal,2001,Magnificationofatmosphericmercurydepositiontopolarregionsinspringtime:thelinktotroposphericozonedepletionchemistry,Geophys.Res.Letters,inpressSchroeder
7、,W.H.,K.G.Anlauf,L.A.Barrie,J.Y.Lu,A.Steffen,D.R.SchneebergerandT.Berg,1998,MercuryvapourdepletioninArcticairduringspringtime,Nature,394,331.MercuryCorrelationWithOzoneMercuryInSnowAtShebaSiteNorthOfAlaskaForOneYear:Lu,J.Y.,W.H.Schroeder,L.A.Barrieetal,2001,Magnificationo
