中国的社会信任危机

《中国的社会信任危机》由会员上传分享，免费在线阅读，更多相关内容在工程资料-天天文库。

中国的社会信任危机SocialtrustcrisisinChinaSource:"culture,"theauthor:ZhengYongnian,HuangYanjie,2011,05,11,15:20,Iwouldliketotwo(3)copylinkstoprintlargeandmedium,small,large,mediumandlarge,mediumandsmall,ZhengYongnian,HuangYanjieAlotofpeoplelivingintoday'sChinesehavefeltthecrisisofconfidencenow,thiscrisisofconfidenceinthewholesocietyeachdispersion,notonlybetweendifferentgroups,classandindustry,alsoexistindifferentdegreesineverysocietyinsidethecel1.However,tobepracticalandrealistic,China"ssocialcrisisofconfidenceisauniqueissueofcontemporarytimes・IneighteenthCentury,whentheChinaformostWesternersarestillamystery,butthethinkersoftheEnlightenmentfromsometradersandmissionariesintheworkstounderstand,Chineseisthelackofanationalintegrity〃oftheworld・AsearlyasbeforetheriseofmodernSinology,Montesquieu,Kant,Hagel,WeberandRussellhavebeento,haveChinaasa"modernsociety"specimens,alackoftrustandcreditsystemofthecountry.SuchasMontesquieuin〃thespiritofthelaws"inthat,althoughtheConfucianritualandimperialcontrollawhasbeenintheformoftheChineseEmpire,butChineseofmorallawdoesnotrespecthaspenetratedintoallaspectsofdailylife,formoneyandinterestisfarmorethantherespectofetiquette.Infact,untilthepresentage,theConfuciansocietywasgenerallyregardedasalackofsocialtrust・Thelackofsocialtrust,theChinesethemselves,ofcourse,alsofelteverywhere・Atthattime,peopleweredeeplyawareoftheproblemsoffraudandlackofcreditinChinesesociety・Zhang YingyuinlateMingDynastyevenwroteafamousbookhandeddownfromthepast,called"cheatJing〃・Itspecificallylists24kindsofcommondeceptioninthelateMingDynasty,andexpoundsitsoperationmeansandpreventionstrategies・The"cheat"asaclassic,andatthattimeandhundredsofyearsafterthesocialmarket,thisisahumorouspublicationofthehistoryofthestory,theworldisrare・Infact,anyonewhoknowsalittleabouttheSocialNovelsoftheMingandQingdynastiesorthemodernJianghunovelshasagoodunderstandingofthesocialtrustinChinesehistory.Ifwearewillingtorereviewthesefamiliarclassics,itwillmarvelcontinuityChinesehistory,whetherthedistrustisexistbetweenthegovernmentandthepeople,betweenthevariousmarketstakeholders(mainlycommercialprovidersandconsumers),orbetweendifferentsectorsofsociety・SocialtrustincontemporaryChinahasbecomeaproblem,notbecauseitdidnotexistbefore・Infairness,socialtrustinthetraditionalChinaandChinesesocietybeforethereformisnot"problenT,andnotbecauseoftheageismorematurethantrustnow,butbecauseinthatsocialstructureunderthehasnotbeenfullycapitalizedand"socialization〃・Butontheotherhand,Chinabigchangemightnotbethecontinuationoftheside,sotheproblemsofourtime,largelybecausewealsoinheritedmanynaturallyorhalfunconsciouslymechanismoftraditionalsociety,includingthe"trustmechanismz，generatedbythesemechanismsissignificantandthedevelopmentofthetimesoutoftouch・ThecontemporarysocialtrustcrisisChinarootsintwoaspects:oneisthemoderntransitionperiodasageneralphenomenonofsocialtrustsystemisnotyetperfect,anothermaybemoreimportant,isChinasocialstructurecharacteristicscausedbythesocialtrust・Toanalyzethesocialtrustinthelatteraspect,wemustunderstandthebasichistoricaltrackofChina，ssocialchangeandanalyzethespecificsituation.ThehistoricaloriginofsocialtrustinChina SocialtrustinthetraditionalChinese"homecountry"systemhadnotbeen"problems",mainlybecauseoftheageofthevastmajorityofpeoplelivingspace,infact,didnotgobeyondthenarrowscopeoftraditionalfamily,clanandneighborhoodcommunity・Trustisbasedonasimplekinshipandgeopoliticalrelationship,namely,anaturalsocialpsychologicalstateofinterdependencebetweenfamilyandcommunitylife・Inarelativelyacademiclanguage,thesymmetryofinformationandthepredictabilityofbehavior・Generallyspeaking,aslongastheagriculturaleconomydoesnotdamageamentillingthefarmandwomenweavingoftraditionalsociety,familymembersofthecommunitybetweenthetrustdegreeisstillrelativelyhigh・Evenonceconsideredasaprofoundclasscontradictionbetweenlandlordsandpeasants,intheabsenceofexcessiveentryofstatepowerintothecountryside,therewerefewirreconcilablecrisisofconfidence・Comparedwiththisnaturalsocialtrust,thetraditionalsocialandpoliticallevelsoftrustandeconomiccredibilityareproblematicbecauseofthelackofareasonableinstitutionalcarrier・Sinceimperialpoweristheonly"national"organizationdlforce,anyothersocialorganization,includingthemarket,isunabletomatureandcoverthewholesociety・Thefamilyimperialpower,becauseofthelackofresourcesandcapacity,cannoteffectivelyprovidepublicgoods,theestablishmentofnationalandsocialtrust・Ontheotherhand,itispreciselybecauseofthecontrolofthesocialeconomybytheimperialpower,whichfurthercausesthesocietytoproduceanunfavorablemechanismforsocialtrust・Thatistosay,intheabseneeofanindependentsociety,itisdifficultforthesocialgroupsthemselvestohaveasenseoftrust・ Inmoderntimes,westerncountriesdevelopedaz，civilsociety"outsidethestatepower・InmodernChina,therewasa，zJia.nghusociety"outsidethe"homecountrysystem"〃・Thepopulartermismixedsociety",socialarenaincludesallfromtheregistrationofresidentstocontrolthecrowd,suchasmerchants,refugees,monk,brokers,artistsandartistsfromtheliterati,andtheformalestablishmentofportersandmilitaryetc・・However,contrarytowesterneconomichubinthelifeofthepublic,thesemarginalpeopleinordertosurvive,wemustrelyonviolenceandillegaloperationofRent-seeking"outsidethesystem",whichiscalled〃Gang〃ofcrossregionalandcrossclassorganizationhasalsodevelopedahighlypersonaltrustsystemdependent・Theclosenessandpersonalattachmentofthistrustsystemarefarmorethanthatofthe''familysystem"〃・Reflectedinthesocialorganizations,thatis,privateandsmallcommunitybased,morepublicthanthelackofpublicpower・Ifimperialpowerisaformalsystem,variousformsof''privateassociations"areinformalorganizations,andthereisnoessentialdifferencebetweenthemintermsofculturalstructure・Therefore,ThetraditionalChinaexistinginstitutionalsocialtrustproblemsarisingfrom''nationalsystenTand"world",itisoftensaidthatthe"swindler"socialproblems・Theswindler,mostpeopleinthesocietyalsoreferstotheriversandlakes・Becauseofthedifferenttrustsystems,thedealingsbetweentheJianghusocietyandthetraditionalsocietyareoftenoutoflinewiththerules・Therefore,therealinstitutional"trust"problemintraditionalsocietymainlystemsfromthefrictionbetweenformalandinformalinstitutions・Therefore,tosolvetheproblemoftrustinmodernsociety,eithertoeliminatetheinformalsystem,ortointegrate theinformalsystemintotheformalsystem・GreattransformationofChinesesociety:ThenationalizationandmarketizationoftrustWiththedramaticchangesinChina，ssocialstructureoverthepastonehundredyears,especiallytherevolutionandreform,andtherapiddisintegrationofthetraditionalsociety,thesocialtrustinChinahasundergoneagreattransformation.Thebeginningofthefoundingofthecountry,throughavarietyofsocialmovementsandpoliticalpoweratthegrass-rootslevel,thelargestinthehistoryofthe''registrationofresidents",whichbasicallyeliminatedthe''nationalsystem"outsideofsocialforces,suchasthesocialarenaofspaceactivities・Withtheeconomicdevelopmentandsocialtransformationinfullswing,countrieshavetheabilitytoorganizesociety,atthesametimehavesufficienteconomicresources,theinteractionwiththesocietythroughtheimplementationofthepolicyandthe"career"mode"、Withtheformationofthemodernstatecapability,politicaltrustinmodernsensewasfirstputontheagenda・Afterhalfacenturyofrevolution,thenewregimesuccessfullytransformedthestatepowertoeverycornerofsocietythroughthethoroughtransformationofthesocialandeconomicorganizations・Trustthathasbeenconfinedtothefamilyandwithinthecommunityhasbecomeaconfidenceintheorganization,thepartyandthestate・Themechanismoftrustisthatindividualfamiliesgiveupmostoftheirsurplusproductstothestateinreturnfortheprivategoodsandnecessarypublicgoodsprovidedbythestatetomeetitsbasicneeds,especiallytheeconomicdevelopmentthat benefitssocietyasawhole・Thisisabasicimplicitcontractofthenewregime,andalsothemostimportantcontracttomaintainthenewsystem・Intotheeraofreform,thestatepowertomakesnapimplantmarketmechanism,theestablishmentofacentralizedsovereigncurrencyspace(SovereignMonetarySpace)andthemoderncreditsystem,socialtrustthroughmarketandmonetaryprocesstwo.AccordingtoSimmeletalsay,withmoneyasthemainmediumofsocialexchange,socialtrustfrompersonalityturnimpersonalizedsystem・Underthenewsystem,thestatewillmostprivategoodsandpublicgoodsproductionandsupplytothemarket,atthesametime,theindividualandtheinterestsofthenewsubjectofthecompany,theexchange,throughthecommoditymarketandthelaborcontractway,socialtrustismainlythroughmarkettransactionstogenerateandmaintainthestate,justasregulationmakersthere・Atthesametime,somecoreareashavenotbeenmarket-oriented,butinsteadstrengthenedthenationalization.-banking,financeandinvestmentsystemofsocialeconomicreproductionincompletecontrolofthecentralgovernment,localgovernmentandbusinessandcommissionedbythecentralenterprisesandlandmonopolyindustryofthetwomostimportantsourceofnationalfinanceandcapita1.Thethreemainadministrativeandfinancialsubjects,financialauthorities,localgovernmentsandcentralenterprises,havebecomemarketplayers,andhavebasicallycontrolledtheproductionofcredit,andhavealsomonopolizedthemajorsourceofsocialwealth・Fandliesandindividualswhohavemasteredthemechanismofwealthproductionalsohavetherighttogivepriorityto wealth・Ontheotherhand,somesocialreproductioniscloselyrelatedtothepublicandsemipublicgoods,suchashousing,medicalcare,education,electricity,transportationandlandplanning,butwascompletelyentrustedtotheseller'smarketisnotassociatedwiththenewsystemofnationalwealthgeneration.Thisisastrippingofthestate'sburden,anecessaryconditionfortheaccumulationofnationalwealth(suchasmedicalandeducation),and,ontheotherhand,anidealsourceofrevenueforthestatefinances(forexample,realestate)・Asaresult,publicgoodsareconcentratedinasmallnumberofpeople,thushaving''privategoods",whilethepublicgoodsinthetruesensearealwaysinshortsupply.Thedeprivationofpublicgoodsisespeciallystrongbecauseofthelackofpublicgoodsandmaterialsneededforfamilylife.Thebasicunitofthisfamily,Chinesesocialtrustcoreunitandtheeraofsocialreproduction,butalsothenormaloperationinthecountry,andnowinthestateandthedualpressuresofthemarket,alreadyfallintoacrisis・Therefore,theintegrationofnationalizationandmarketizationisnotonlytheoriginofChina，scurrentincomedistributionandeconomicstructuredeterioration,butalsooneoftherootcausesofthecrisisofconfidencebetweenthestateandsociety.Themarketizationandinternationalizationofthedeeperresults,issupposedtostartnonpersonalityandsocializationofnationalcreditandsocialtrust,butbegantoshowsignsofpersonalandnonsocialexperience,thistrendandthemostdevelopedsocialtrust"socialization"oftheopposite・Publiccreditresources,infact,areplacedunderthecontrolofasmallnumberofprivateand smallgroups,resultinginalargeareaofpowercorruptionandrent-seeking・Anothersimilarresulttothetraditionalsocietyisthe"noninstitutionalizationzzcorrespondingtosociallifeandthedisintegrationofsocialtrust・Themonopolyofpowerforeconomicinterestsandsocialorganization,whichinturnreducedthesociallivingspace,improvethesocialcreditcosts,cutthelegitimatebusinessprofits;andthemoneyandthemarketofthetraditionalideologyandgrassrootsorganizationstoreplacethenationalcredit,andpersonalandnonsocialization,andfurtherreducesthegeneralmembersofsociety〃theverymeans〃moralcost・Thesetwochanges,andfinallyledtoavarietyof"riversandlakes(hidden)〃rulesinthenationaleconomiclifeinalargearearesurrection.ThreedimensionsofcontemporarytrustcrisisUnderstandingthecurrentcrisisofconfidenceinthecontextofthecommunity,thecrisisofconfidenceasaphenomenonisrelativelyeasytounderstand・ThespecificsocialtrustincontemporaryChinacanbeanalyzedfromthreeaspects:politics,economyandsociety・Thepoliticallevel,trustcrisisisthelong-standing"publicofficial"(trust,governmentofficialsandcivilservants)andtrustbetweenpeopleandsocietyandthestate;trustintheeconomiclevel,name1ythemarketstakeholderstrustbetween,mainlybetweenserviceprovidersandconsumersingoodsandservices:andfinallytheissueoftrustthesociallevel,betweenwhichisgenerallymembersofsociety,Includestrustbetweencompaniesandfamilymembers・Fromtherelationshipbetweenthem,thefirstkindoftrustisthemostimportant,becauseintheChinaculturaltradition,istherule makersandthemaintenance,theNationalTrustinthecountry,islargelybasedoncommonsenseofsocialtrust・First,thetrustbetweenthegovernmentandthepeopleToday,withtheincreasingmarketizationandmonetizationofthestateandsociety,thegovernmentdoesnotneedtoprovidethepeoplewithacradletogravewelfareplanasstipulatedintheoriginalimplicitsocialcontract・Infact,aslongaspeopleemployment,valueformoney,togetareasonablereturn throughthemarket,thatistofullyfulfillthesocialcontractofthegovernment・Butthisisoftendifficulttoachieve,fromtheshareofworkerswhomakeuponlyaboutGDPof10%~20%anddecreaseyearbyyear.Theaforementionedstatemonopoly,ofcourse,isthemostimportantlong-termstructuralfactor,butitisbynomeanstheonlyfactor・Directdestructionofthegeneralpublic'strustinthegovernmentisstillashort-termactofgovernmentofficials・Oneofthemostcommonformsofshort-termdestructionofsocialcontractsisirrationalinvestmentbylocalgovernments・Underthecurrentinvestmentsystem,governmentinvestmentineconomy,especiallyinfrastructureinvestment,iseasytowinpoliticalcapital,whilesocialinvestmentrelatedtopeople，slivelihoodislackofmotivation.Ifthepublic，sexpectationofthepeople'slivelihoodpolicycannotbefulfilledforalongtime,itwillnaturallyaffecttheperformanceofthesocialcontract・Finally,evenifthegovernmentiswillingtostrengthensocialinvestment,thepeoplewillnotreallyclasstorelyontheexpectedtoreduce,feet，z,ortoconsiderbecomeamemberoftheseriously.Theinvisible,manymiddlegovernmenttoprovidepublicgoodsisfinallyjustwantto"votewiththeirimmigrationorreturntothesystemtotentierclass・Anothershort-termactivityis"covertoperations"andbroadercorruption.Generallyspeaking,the"covertoperation^iscommonintheeconomyandpersonnelinthefield,especiallyreferstotheabuseofpowerrent-seekingbehaviorinthebidding,procurement,recruitmentandapprovalprocess・Inthecourseoftime,peoplearewellaware,accustomedto.Finally,thegeneralpublichas"reformfatigue"onanti-corruptionandregulation,nolongertrusttheselegalandpublicdisciplineinspectionsystemas〃us〃，and thegovernmentofficialsintheirranks,andevendevelopedintoa"hostile"mentality・Finally,ashort-termbehavior,butalsothemostexplosive,officialsandgovernmentstaffpersonaldomineeringbehavior,themosttypicalisthe2009"DengYujiaocase"and2010,s〃LiGangcase"and，zqianyunhuicase〃・Whydotheseeventswithexplosive,canleadtoantagonismbetweenofficialsandpeopleofthevirtualspace,anda"howdoyouexplainthatIdon，tbelieve",thereasonliesinthepeople，slivelihoodandcorruptionoftheselong-termfactors,hasprofoundlydestroyedthepeople，strustintheofficialfoundation.Asifthestatepoweronbehalfoftheofficialsnottobetrusted,asthestatepoweroftheruleoflawcannotbetrusted,asthecountryspecificpolicybehaviorcannotbetrusted,sopeoplecanonlytrustistocontrolthenationalcurrencysovereignty・Letmeputitanotherway,Allsystemicrisksareconcentratedinthecurrencyandcreditsystem・Butthiscountryisnotaseriousinflationordeflation,becausepeopleoncefoundmoneycan，tbetrusted,thenthetrustbetweenthecountryandthesocietywillcompletelycollapse,differentforceswillresorttoviolence・Fromahistoricalandnationalpointofview,thisisnotamyth,becausemonetaryriskhasalreadybeencontainedwithinthealreadyunbalancedeconomicsystemofchina.Thatistosay,thecontrolofpricesisnolongeraneconomictask,butapoliticaltask・Two,themarketinterestbetweenthemaintrust Trustamongmarketstakeholdersisthemosttalkedabouttopicinoursociety・"Toxicm订asanexample,nowChinaeveryyearthereareseveralfoodanddrugsafetyaccidentsnationwide,and''unscrupulousprofiteers^seemstobemoreandmorepressureandmoreimpossibletoguardagainst・Then,alackofdomesticconsumption,aphenomenonontheotherhandthemiddleclass"goshoppingspree〃・Inaddition,therearealargenumberofcommercialfraud,creditfraud,employmenttrapandpyramidschemeorganizations,nomatterhowhardthegovernmenttriestoinvestigate,itseemstobeforeverinthestateofbeingunabletoban.Ifthedistrustbetweenthegovernmentandthepeopleismainlyduetothelackofeffectiveinternalandexternalchecksandbalances,thelackoftrustinbusinessisthedirectcauseofthelackofinformationandtheabsenceofsupervision・Theasymmetryofinformationistheinevitableoutcomeofthetransformationofanytraditionalsocietyfromagriculturetoindustryandcommerce・Inacountryexperiencingamoderntest,thisstructuralsocialproblemhasspawnedpowerfulintermediaryorganizationsandcomplexlegalnorms・Chinaisnoexception.However,themarkettrustinChinaalsohasitsownparticularity,whichshouldbeanalyzedfromthesocialincentivemechanism・Asalreadymentioned,manyoftheChinesefraudandotherillegalprofitsisrampant,"causedbytheactionofprofitingfromoneeconomicandfinancialmonopoly.ItispreciselybecauseofthestrongmomentumofindividualprofitseekinginChina'ssocialeconomy,butthereisnolegalchannelforprofitseeking・Individuals,whetherthroughthrift(lackofcredit resources),orthroughinnovation(lackofintellectualpropertyprotection)toobtainwealth,thecostisrelativelyhigh・Ontheotherhand,throughthetransferofwealth,marketmonopoly,taxevasion,fraudordisguisedplunder,butoftenmorecost-effective・Ifyouhavetheprotectionofpower,itwillbemorecost-effective・Thishasahighdegreeofcontinuitywithfraudintraditionalchina・Thelogicoftheabsenceofregulationissimilar・Differentfromthewesternsociety,whichreliesonthedivisionoflaborofsocialorganizations,judicialsystemsandgovernmentsupervisiondepartments,thepowerofsupervisioninChinaismainlydecentralizedandcentralizedinoneorseveralfunctionaldepartmentsofthegovernment・Drivenbythe"batonofprofit",itisobviousthattheseregulatorshavemadeachoicebetween''increasingrevenuemanagement"and''eliminatingallillegal〃・What'smore,trackingdowntheinterestsofotherparallelsectorsmayinvolveconsiderableadministrativecostsandevenpoliticalrisks・Whenthesourceofinterest,theregulationitselfintoamonopoly,supervisionof"suck"and〃themorethesearchresultismore"ascanbeimagined・Three,trustamongmembersofthegeneralcommunityThequestionoftrustamongmembersofthegeneralsocietyinvolvesawiderange,Thatis,trustamongpeopleofdifferentclassesandregions,includingthe"insiders"trustamongmembersofthefamily,thecompany,theunitsandmembersofthesocialorganization.ThesocialtransformationincontemporaryChinaissimilartothetransformationfromasocietyofetiquetteandcustomtoaruleof lawsocietyinmanyways,andsocialtransformationputsforwardnewdemandsfortrust・Abasicexpressionisthattraditionaltrustbasedonkinshipandgeographyhasdeclinedinmanyways,butnosuitablealternativeshavebeenfound.ThecontradictionoccurredmanylargecityofBeijingandother"inmiigrants”and"Aboriginal"hasbeenfullydemonstratedthat,inthepastmainlyrelyon"confidencebuildinginformalnetworkofacquaintances",hasbeendifficulttomeettheneedsofimmigrants"society・Withthousandsofmigrantworkersandcollegestudentsenteringcoastalcities,itisnolongerpossibletorelyonacquaintancetosolveemployment,obtainurbanidentityandobtainallkindsofpublicgoodsinanewenvironment・Onthecontrary,largeurbanaboriginesneedonlytheirindigenousstatustobenefitfromimmigrationdriveneconomicdevelopment,andcontinuetoenjoysomeoftheextrabenefitsofanacquaintancesociety・Theurbanadministration'ssocialpolicyoftreatingimmigrantsandaboriginesdifferentlydeepensthisparadox・Ontheotherhand,thetrustofprofessionalgroupsattractsmoreandmoreattention.Accordingtoasocialsurveyintenyears,thesocialprestigeandprofessionalconfidenceofdoctors,teachers,governmentofficialsandlegalworkershavedeclinedthemostrapidly.Coincidentally,thesefieldsarenotonlythemostprestigiousindustriesinmodernwesternsociety,butalsotheveryfewareasinwhichChina，sunspokenrulesandprofessiondlethicsareextremelyserious.Thecrisisofconfidencehasevendevelopedamongordinarypeople・The"PengYucase"inNanjingembodiesthedilemmafacedbythemostbasicmoralobligation:oneparty，sinitiativeandkindnessmaybeexploitedbytheotherparty.Affectedbythis,therewere manytragedieswhentheoldmanfelltothegroundwithoutsupportanddied・ItissadisHubeiJingzhouownerofcourageous"withthedeadasking"attitude:aslongasthemoneyisnottogethercantakethebodyout,butnotoncredit・Thisexampleillustratesthemoraldilemmaofcontemporarysocialtrustthemostbasicare:tomaintainthetrustofthemostbasic,requiresbothsidestoabidebycertainmoralbottomline,butifonethinksthatthebasicmoralbottomlinerelativetothemonetizationofeconomicinterestsisnotworthwhile,sothebaseoftrustbetweenstrangersisnotcompletely.Ifthesocialcrisisoftrustandthepoliticalandeconomiccrisisofconfidencehavesomethingincommon,thenmonetizationisundoubtedlyanimportantvariable・Asanotherformofpower,theroleofmoneyintheprocessofrelativityandmoraldisintegrationisobvious・UnliketheWestandJapanintheindustrialage,Chinadidnothaveastrongreligiouspowerasthelastsupportofmorality,sothefunctionofmonetizationtothedisintegrationoftraditionalmoralityandvaluebecamemoreprominent・TheparticularityofChinaliesinthefactthatwhenallaspectsofsocietyaremonetized,thecreditsystemthatcontrolsthemonetizationisnotsocialized,butisunderthedirectcontrolofpower・BuildinganewformofsocialtrustRebuildingsocialtrustisanimportanttaskofChina，snextstepofsocialconstruction.Likemanytasks,theconstructionofsocialtrustisalsoasystematicproject,whichneedstheoverallreformofsocial economy.Themostfundamentalreformisintheeconomy.Thisincludesreducingthestatemonopolyontheeconomy,increasethesocialparticipationofnationaleconomicpolicies,supportthebankingandfinancesociety,allowprivateenterprisesmorefreespace,especiallytheprotectionofprivatepropertyrightsofintellectualproperty,whichfundamentallychangethestatusofsocialcreditinproduction.Underthepremisethatsocialactivitiesaregreatlybroadened,thestatecanintroducemoreindependentjudicialsystemsandsocialorganizationstoparticipateineconomicregulation.Thiswillcontributetotheformationoftrustmechanismsamongmarketplayers・Infact,thesuccessofTaobaoandotheronlinebusinessplatformshasbecomeamodelforsocialmemberstobuildtrustinbusinessthroughequalparticipation・Inthepoliticalfield,redefiningthecontractbetweenthestateandthesocietyistheonlywaytostrengthenthepoliticaltrustbetweenthestateandsociety・Thecountryshouldbebasedonsocialparticipation,equityparticipationinthespiritoftheestablishmentofanewsupplyofpublicgoods,includinghousing,healthcare,pensionandeducation,family,societyandgovernmentclearthreepartyinwhichtheresponsibilitiesandobligations,andintheformoflawtobeprotected・Inaddition,intermsofsocialorganizations,thestateshouldgraduallyreleasethemonopolyofsocialorganizations,givingtheinterestsofthevarioussocialstrata(stake,holders)toexpresstheirinterestsandparticipateinthepoliticalrights・Foranymodernsociety,socialtrustisnotpublicgoods,buta kindoforderthatanyopensocietycanspontaneouslyform・Thestateisonlyaminorparticipant・ThecrisisoftrustinContemporaryChinesesocietyislargelyduetoa"moneybased"socialorder・Thisorderhasshakenthemoralbottomlineofmanypeople,distortedthenormalvaluesystem,andunderminedthetrustbetweenthestateandsociety,theinterestsofthemarket,thepartiesandmembersofsociety・Butinfact,asoundsocialtrustsystemandasustainablemonetarysystemshouldcomplementeachother.Onlybyrealizingthesocializationofsocialtrust(credit)andallowingthecurrencyandpowertocomplywithsocialdemands,cansocietyitselfriditselfofthecrisisofconfidence・(author:InstituteofEastAsianStudies,NationalUniversityofSingapore)(editorinchief:LiuYuzhou)