现实主义美国文学

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1、Note：Thetwo-stagedevelopmentofrealismI：Beforethe1890sWilliamDeanHowellsTheforerunnerofrealismwhomouldsthepublictasteandspreadsthecredoofrealismthroughwriting;genteelrealism;middle-classorientedHenryJamesForerunnerofpsychologicalrealism;middle-andhigh-classorientedMarkTwainRepresentat

2、iveoflocalcolorism;distinctiveforhisfrontierhumorandbrilliantadoptionofcolloquialstyle;low-classorientedNote：Thetwo-stagedevelopmentofrealismII：Afterthe1890sAmericanNaturalismStephanCraneFrankNorrisTheodoreDreiserSocialbackgroundofAmericaninits70sand80sTheAgeofRealismThefeaturesofrea

3、listicwritingstyleAhumoristandsocialcritic:“Thesourceoflaughterisnothumor,butsorrow.”(fromanoptimisttoadeterminist)MississippiandtheWest:“MarkTwainwashisownbiographer.”Colloquialstyle:“ItisabookfromwhichAllAmericanliteraturecomes.”Thefrontiertall-taletraditionandAmericanlocalcolorism

4、MarkTwainRepresentativeoflocalcolorism;distinctiveforhisfrontierhumorandbrilliantadoptionofcolloquialstyle;low-classorientedNote:Americanlocalcolorism1.Havingsuchqualityoftextureandbackgroundthatitcouldnothavebeenwritteninanyotherplaceorbyanyoneelsethananative.Texture:elementswhichch

5、aracterizealocalculture,suchasspeech,customs,andmorespeculiartooneparticularplaceBackground:physicalsettingandthosedistinctivequalitiesoflandscapewhichconditionhumanthoughtandbehavior2.Theultimateaimofthelocalcolorists:thecreatetheillusionofanindigenouslittleworldwithqualitiesthattel

6、litapartfromtheworldoutside.Note:AmericantalltalefromwhichColorismderivesAnalysisofTheCelebratedJumpingFrogofCalaverasCountybyMarkTwainExtractfromTheCelebratedJumpingFrogofCalaverasCountybyMarkTwainExtractfromTheCelebratedJumpingFrogofCalaverasCountybyMarkTwainExtractfromTheCelebrate

7、dJumpingFrogofCalaverasCountybyMarkTwainExtractfromTheCelebratedJumpingFrogofCalaverasCountybyMarkTwainAnopportunistandgamblealwaysreadyandlayingforachance(hischaractergetsembodiedinthepetshehaseverkeptforgambling)*“I”(thefirst-personnarrator)SimonWheeler(tall-talenarrator)JimSmileyC

8、lassidentity