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1、CHAPTERII.ONTHEMANNEROFDEVELOPMENTOFMANFROMSOMELOWERFORM.ITismanifestthatmanisnowsubjecttomuchvariability.Notwoindividualsofthesameracearequitealike.Wemaycomparemillionsoffaces,andeachwillbedistinct.Thereisanequallygreatamountofdiversityintheproportionsanddimensionso
2、fthevariouspartsofthebody;thelengthofthelegsbeingoneofthemostvariablepoints.*Althoughinsomequartersoftheworldanelongatedskull,andinotherquartersashortskullprevails,yetthereisgreatdiversityofshapeevenwithinthelimitsofthesamerace,aswiththeaboriginesofAmericaandSouthAus
3、tralia-thelatterarace"probablyaspureandhomogeneousinblood,customs,andlanguageasanyinexistence"-andevenwiththeinhabitantsofsoconfinedanareaastheSandwichIslands.*(2)Aneminentdentistassuresmethatthereisnearlyasmuchdiversityintheteethasinthefeatures.Thechiefarteriessofre
4、quentlyruninabnormalcourses,thatishasbeenfoundusefulforsurgicalpurposestocalculatefrom1040corpseshowofteneachcourseprevails.*(3)Themusclesareeminentlyvariable:thusthoseofthefootwerefoundbyProf.Turner*(4)nottobestrictlyalikeinanytwooutoffiftybodies;andinsomethedeviati
5、onswereconsiderable.Headds,thatthepowerofperformingtheappropriatemovementsmusthavebeenmodifiedinaccordancewiththeseveraldeviations.Mr.J.Woodhasrecorded*(5)theoccurrenceof295muscularvariationsinthirty-sixsubjects,andinanothersetofthesamenumbernolessthan558variations,t
6、hoseoccurringonbothsidesofthebodybeingonlyreckonedasone.Inthelastset,notonebodyoutofthethirty-sixwas"foundtotallywantingindeparturesfromthestandarddescriptionsofthemuscularsystemgiveninanatomicaltextbooks."Asinglebodypresentedtheextraordinarynumberoftwenty-fivedistin
7、ctabnormalities.Thesamemusclesometimesvariesinmanyways:thusProf.Macalisterdescribes*(6)nolessthantwentydistinctvariationsinthepalmarisaccessorius.*InvestigationsintheMilitaryandAnthropologicalStatisticsofAmericanSoldiers,byB.A.Gould,1869,p.256.*(2)Withrespecttothe"Cr
8、anialformsoftheAmericanaborigines,"seeDr.AitkenMeigsinProc.Acad.Nat.Sci.Philadelphia,May,1868.OntheAustralians,seeHuxley,inLyell'sA
