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页数:18页
时间:2019-10-13
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1、Metonymy(借喻)Definition:Metonymyisafigureofspeechthathastodowiththesubstitutionofthenameofonethingforthatofanother.Thissubstitutednamemaybeanattributeoftheotherorbecloselyassociatedwithit.Inotherwords,itinvolvesachangeofthename,thesubstitutednamesuggestingthethingm
2、eant.FunctionMetonymyisanotherformofmetaphor,verysimilartosynecdoche[si'nekdəki],inwhichthethingchosenforthemetaphoricalimageiscloselyassociatedwith(butnotanactualpartof)thesubjectwithwhichitistobecompared.Theuseofaparticularmetonymymakesacommentabouttheideaforwhi
3、chithasbeensubstituted,andtherebyhelpstodefinethatidea.借喻修辞手法能使语言更加生动形象,浅显易懂,也使语言新鲜活泼,富有表现力。Uses(一)用容器的名称来代替所盛的东西1.Whoholdsthepurserulesthehouse.有钱就有势。这里的房子不是一般意义的“房子”(house),而是美国国会的参众两院theHouseofRepresentatives和theSenate.以“房子”代替thepowerintheparliament;以“钱包”(purse
4、)代替themoneyinthepurse.2.Heisasturdylittlefellowalthoughhewasbroughuponthebottle.尽管这个孩子是喝牛奶长大的,他还是长的很健壮。(二)用人体部位或器官指代人的品质,才能,特征等。1.Ifthereisanybadbloodinthefellowhewillbesuretoshowit.如果这个人心里有所怀恨的话,他一定会流露出来。以“血液”(blood)代替strongespeciallyunpleasantfeeling;temper.2.Ih
5、aveanopinionofyou,sir,towhichitisnoeasytogivethemouth.三.用资料,工具代替事务的名称1.Hechoseaguninsteadofacapandgown.他选择了当兵,而没有继续求学深造。分别以“枪”(gun)指代careerofbeingasoldier,以“方顶帽和黑长袍”(capandgown,thecustomaryclotheswornforgraduationfromahighschooloruniversity,consistingofalongblackg
6、ownandacapwithaflat,squaretop)指代“高等教育”(higherlearning).2.TheJapanesesoldiersputalltofireandsword.日军穷凶极恶,到处杀人放火。(四)用典型实物代替职业或从事该职业的人1.Bobwaspromotedfromthegray-collartothewhite-collarintheshortesttime.Bob在不长的时间内就从灰领提升到白领。人们以着装特征来表示不同的职业阶层,以“灰领”(gray-collar)指代wester
7、nworkerscarryingoutmaintenancework(在西方社会从事维修的工人);以“白领”(white-collar)指代officeworkers(从事文秘级实物方面工作的雇员)。2.Hiseldersisterwentonthestage;theyoungeronehadtakentheveil.他姐姐当了演员,而他的妹妹却做了修女。以“舞台”(stage)代替careerofbeinganactress,becominganactor;以头巾,面纱(veil)代nun。作者以简洁的方式表达了姐妹俩所
8、选的不同人生道路。五.以产地,发明者或者作者代替产品或作品。1、Wehadtocarrybottlesofveryexpensivecologneandweconstantlysprayedhimdown.我们不得不带上几瓶非常昂贵的科隆香水,并不断地把他彻底喷得香喷喷的。2、Champagneused
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