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1、Metaphorandmetonymy:MakingtheirconnectionsmoreslipperyJOHNA.BARNDEN*AbstractThispapercontinuesthedebateabouthowtodistinguishmetaphorfrommetonymy,andwhetherthiscanbedone.Itexaminessomeofthedi¤er-encesthathavebeenallegedtoexist,andaugmentsthealreadyexistingdoubtaboutthem.
2、Themaindi¤erencesaddressedarethesimilarity/contiguitydistinctionandtheissueofwhethersource-targetlinksarepartofthemessageinmetonymyormetaphor.Inparticular,thepaperarguesthatmetaphoricallinkscanalwaysbeusedmetonymicallyandregardedascontiguities,andconverselythattwopartic
3、ular,centraltypesofmetony-miccontiguityessentiallyinvolvesimilarity.Thepaperalsotouchesbrieflyonhowmetaphorandmetonymyinteractwithdomains,frames,etc.andontheroleofimaginaryidentification/categorizationoftargetas/undersourceitems.Withthepossibleexceptionofthislastissue,the
4、papersug-geststhatnocombinationoftheallegeddi¤erencesaddressedcanservecleanlytocategorizesource/targetassociationsintometaphoricalonesandmetonymicones.Italsosuggeststhatitcanbemoreprofitabletoana-lyseutterancesatthelevelofthedimensionsinvolvedinthedi¤erencesthanatthehigh
5、erlevelofmetaphorandmetonymyassuch.*Correspondenceaddress:SchoolofComputerScience,TheUniversityofBirmingham,Birmingham,B152TT,UK.Tel:(þ44)(0)121414-3816;Fax:(þ44)(0)121414-4281.E-mail:3J.A.Barnden@cs.bham.ac.uk4.Acknowledgments:ThisresearchwassupportedinpartbygrantEP/C5
6、38943/1fromtheUK’sEngineeringandPhysicalSciencesResearchCouncil(EPSRC),andgrantRES-328-25-0009fromtheUK’sEconomicandSocialResearchCouncilandEPSRCunderthePeopleattheCentreofCommunicationsandInformationTechnologiesprogramme.IamgratefultocolleaguesRodrigoAgerri,SheilaGlasb
7、ey,MarkLeeandAlanWallingon,andtothejournaleditorsandanony-mousreviewers,forimportantsuggestions.CognitiveLinguistics21–1(2010),1–340936–5907/10/0021–0001DOI10.1515/COGL.2010.0016WalterdeGruyter2J.A.BarndenKeywords:metaphor;metonymy;metaphor/metonymydistinction;conti-gui
8、ty;similarity;part/wholemetonymy;representationalmet-onymy;resemblancemetaphors;imagemetaphors.1.IntroductionS
