Chapter 6 Pragmatics

《Chapter 6 Pragmatics》由会员上传分享，免费在线阅读，更多相关内容在行业资料-天天文库。

1、Chapter6PragmaticsTeachingProgramWhatisPragmatics?*ThebasicnotionsofPragmatics*ContextandutterancemeaningSpeechacttheoryPrincipleofconversationCross-culturalpragmaticfaliure1999年4月朱镕基在MIT演讲时说：1947年我在清华大学上学时，清华被称为中国的MIT。教科书大部分来自MIT……我当时就憧憬有一天能来MIT学习，拿一个学位。但是，校长先生请不要误会，我绝对不是要个荣誉的

2、学位。……如果我要学位，一定要经过考试、答辩。语言的艺术A:Youlookprettywithoutglasses.B::

3、erenceaboutmeaning.意会大于言传。语用学要解释为什么“意会大于言传”。找出其中的规律。找出语言运用的规律。1.Itdealswithhowspeakersusedlanguageinwayswhichcannotbepredictedfromlinguisticknowledgealone.2.Itdealswithhowlistenersarriveattheintendedmeaningofspeakers.3.Itdealswiththegeneralprinciplesfollowedbyhumanbeingswhenthe

4、ycommunicatewithoneanother.PragmaticsSomebasicnotionsContextPragmaticsvs.semanticsSentencemeaningvs.utterancemeaningCorrectnessvs.appropriatenessContextContext---abasicconceptinthestudyofpragmatics.Itisgenerallyconsideredasconstitutedknowledgesharedbythespeakerandthehearer,such

5、asculturalbackground,situation(time,place,manner,etc.),therelationshipbetweenthespeakerandthehearer,etc.….Johnislikeafisha)Heswimswell.b)Hecandrinkalotofbear.c)Heisascoldasafish.)Hewenttotownyesterday.(Ifthehearerhascommittedsomecrime,andheisaninspector.Itmaymean:Becareful,youm

6、aybefoundout.)ContextPragmaticsvs.SemanticsSemantics---isthestudyoftheliteralmeaningofasentence(withouttakingcontextintoconsideration).Pragmatics---thestudyoftheintendedmeaningofaspeaker(takingcontextintoconsideration),e.g.“TodayisSunday”.semantically,itmeanstodayisthefirstdayo

7、ftheweek;pragmatically,youcanmeanalotbysayingthis,alldependingonthecontextandtheintentionofthespeaker,say,makingasuggestionorgivinganinvitation…Sentencemeaningvs.UtterancemeaningSentencemeaning:Abstractandcontext-independentmeaning;literalmeaningofasentence;havingadyadicrelatio

8、nasin:WhatdoesXmean?Utterancemeaning:concreteandcontex