生理学英文课件(细胞)Basic Function of the Cell

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1、Chapter2.BasicFunctionoftheCell8/13/2021Thereareabout100trillion(万亿)cellsinahumanbeing(redbloodcellsabout25trillion).Eachof100trillionisalivingstructurethatcansurviveandreproduceitself.Iftounderstandthefunctionoforgansandotherstructuresofthebody,itisessentialt

2、hatwefirstunderstandthebasicorganizationofthecellandthefunctionofitscomponentparts.ReviewthebasicstructureofCellCellmembraneprotoplasm:wateretc.cytoplasmacellOrganelle:Mitochondriaetc.NuclearmembraneNeucleusNeucleolus:ContainRNA,DNAMitochondria:provideenergy,A

3、TPEndoplasmicreticulumroughendoplasmicreticulum:containsribosome(核蛋白体)relatedtoproteinsynthesissmoothendoplasmicreticulumrelatedtoproductionoflipidandglucoseGolgiapparatus(高尔基体)Lysome(溶酶体)：digestagingordamagestructuresMicrotuble(微管)Thecomponentsofcytoplasma:Wa

4、ter:80%Protein:14%Lipid:2%Others:4%SectionITransportofSubstancesthroughtheCellMembraneThechemicalcompositionsofextracellularfluidaredifferentfromthoseofintracellularfluidExtracellularfluidIntracellularfluidNa+142mEg/L10mEg/LK+4mEg/L140mEg/LCl-103mEg/L4mEg/LPh

5、osphates4mEg/L75mEg/LProteins5mEg/L40mEg/LThesedifferencesareimportanttothelifeofthecell<1>ChemicalcomponentsandMolecularstructureoftheCellMembrane(1)Fluid-mosaicModelThecellmembraneandmembranesoforganellesarecomposedofLipidsandproteins:Protein:Lipid=4:1–1:4De

6、pendingonthefunctionalactivitiesofmembranesalipidbilayer1890,Overton,cellmembraneshavehigherpermeabilitytofatty–solublesubstances.Suggesting:cellmembraneiscomposedoflipid.1925,GorterandGrenderBasedontheexperimentalresultsaboutareaoftheredbloodcells,believedthe

7、membraneLipidswerearrangedinabilayermannerFluidmosaicmodel1972,SingerandNicholsonMainpoint:alipidbilayastheframeofcellmembrane;Interspersedinalipidbilayerarelargerglobularproteinmolecules.Compositionsofcellmembrane:Protein55%Phospholipid25%Chlesterol13%Otherli

8、pids4%Carbohydrates3%LipidbarrierofthecellmembranepreventswaterpenetrationThephosphateendofphospholipidsissolubleinwater(hydrophilic),andthefattyacidportionissolubleonlyinfat(hydro