抗精神失常药物

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1、第18章抗精神失常药Chapter18DrugsUsedforTreatmentofPsychiatricDisorders南京医科大学胡　刚PsychiatricdisordersPsychiatricdisordersarediseasesassociatedwithdysfunctionofpsychologicalactivitywithregardtothinking,feeling,behaviorandbulesis.Theycanbeinducedbymanyfactors.Theprincipalpsychiatricdisordersseen

2、intheclinicareschizophrenia,depression(manic-depression)andanxiety.Accordingly,Neurolepticdrugs(alsocalledantischizophrenicdrugs,antipsychoticdrugs,ormajortranquilizers)usedprimarilytotreatschizophreniaincludeantipsychoticdrugs,antimanicdrugs,antidepressantdrugsandantianxietydrugs.精神

3、失常是由多种原因引起的精神活动障碍的一类疾病，包括精神分裂症、躁狂症、抑郁症和焦虑症。治疗这些疾病的药物统称为抗精神失常药，也称为精神药物(psychotropicdrugs)。根据其临床用途分为抗精神病药物（antipsychoticdrugs）或神经安定剂（neuroleptics）抗躁狂症药物（antimanicdrugs）抗抑郁症药物（antidepressants）抗焦虑症药物（antianxiolytics）ChlorpromazineChlorpromazineistheprototypeoftheneurolepticagents.Depress

4、ionisadiseasewiththesymptomsofintensefeelingsofsadness,hopelessness,despair,andtheinabilitytoexperiencepleasureinusualactivities.Itisdifferentfromschizophrenia.antidepressantdrugsAllclinicallyuseful(alsocalledthymoleptics)eitherdirectlyorindirectlypotentiatetheactionsofnorepinephrine

5、and/orserotonininthebrain.Accordingtotheirchemicalstructures,antidepressantdrugsareclassifiedastricyclicorpolycyclicantidepressants,andothers.MechanismofantidepressantsThetricyclicandpolycyclicantidepressantsmanagedepressionbyblockingtheuptakeofnorepinephrineandserotoninintotheneuron

6、.Theprototypicaldruginthisgroupisimipramine.Theselectiveserotonin-reuptakeinhibitorsTheselectiveserotonin-reuptakeinhibitors(SSRI)areanewclassofchemicallyuniqueantidepressantdrugsthatspecificallyinhibitserotoninreuptake,contrastingwiththerelativelynonselectivelyinhibitionofmonoamineu

7、ptakethatistypicalofthetricyclicantidepressants.TheSSRIscausefeweranticholinergiceffectsandlowercardiotoxitythandotricyclicantidepressants.第一节抗精神病药抗精神病药主要用于治疗精神分裂症（schizophrenia）及其他精神失常的躁狂症状。抗精神病药也称作神经安定药（neurolepticdrugs）,主要用于治疗精神分裂症，对其他精神病的躁狂症状也有效。这类药物大多是强效多巴胺受体拮抗剂，在发挥治疗作用的同时，大多数药物

8、可引起情绪冷漠、精神运动