商务背景知识1

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1、商务背景知识1Foreigntrade1.Favorablebalanceoftrade（国际贸易差额）二tradesurplus贸易顺差Unfavorablebalaneeoftrade=tradedeficit贸易逆差2.Visibletrade（goodsandmerchandise）Invisibletrade（servicebetweennations,liketransportation,insuranee,tourism,commission,salaries,immigrantremittances夕卜侨了匸款3.外贸的方式•国家之间签订Tr

2、adeAgreement•双方thepartiesconcerned签订的销售合同thecontractofsale.bartertrade实物贸易compensationtrade补偿贸易processingtrade委托加工贸易consignmenttrade寄售贸易exclusivesalesagreement独家销售agencyarrangement代理协议•通过tender投标，auction拍卖，commodityexchangetransactions大宗商品交易/期货交易,oratinternationalfairs国际博览会。4.贸易的步骤

3、Inquiry询盘Offer/quotation出价/报价Counteroffer还盘,还价Acceptance接受Contract合同Letterofcredit信用证出口方：preparationofgoodsObtainingexportlicense出口许可证Inspectionofcommodity商品检验Reservationofshippingspace（orcharteringofvessel租用舟占舟仓）Insurancecover保险范围Customsclearanee扌艮关LoadingShippingadvice装船通知Documen

4、tation制单Negotiationofpayment议彳寸货款againstpresentationofexportdocumentunderL/C出口单据exportdocuments包括：adraft汇票therelevantshippingdocuments装船单据'i.e.theBilloflanding/billoflading,billofloading提单Commercialinvoice商业发票insuraneepolicy保险单买方Obtainimportlicense进口许可证RedemptionofdocumentsunderL/C

5、赎单CustomsclearingofimportsTakingdeliveryofgoodsagainstsurrenderofB/L提货在递交提单之后1.价格亠EXW—exworks/ex-factory/ex-mill工厂交货价FCA—freecarrier货交承运人FAS■-freealongsideship船边交货价FOB—freeonboard船上交货价，离岸价CFR—costandfreight成木价运费ClF—cost,insuraneeandfreight至U岸价CPT--Carriagepaidto运费付至CIP■一Carriageand

6、insurancepaidto运费加保险付至DES—deliveredexship目的港交货DEQ—deliveredexquay目的港码头交货DDU…delivereddutyunpaid未完税交货价DDP…delivereddutypaid完税交货价DAF—deliveredatfrontier边境交货价2.支付条款paymentterms•Cashinadvance预付现金•Openaccount赊账，往来账户•Consignment寄售consignor寄售人Consignee代售人•Letterofcredit&documentarydrafts跟

7、单汇票•ForeigncollectionThreecommonmodesofpaymentinInternationalTrade1.Remittance汇款（telegraphictransferT/l；电汇mailtransferM/T信汇demanddraftD/D即期汇票，票汇）2.Foreigncollection3.letterofcreditCashwithorder订货付现Sightpayment即期付款Foreigncollection国夕卜代收，国夕卜托收，出口托收1.documentarycollection跟单托收［D/Pdocum

8、entsagainstpayment付款交单（D/P