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1、英汉对比语言学Unitone:Linguistictypologyisasubfieldoflinguisticsthatstudiesandclassifieslanguagesaccordingtotheirstructuralandfunctionalfeatures.Itsaimistodescribeandexplainthecommonpropertiesandthestructuraldiversityoftheworld'slanguages.Contrastivelinguisticsisa branch of linguistics wh
2、ich studies two or more languages with the aimsof discovering their differences andsimilarities(especially the former) andapplying these findings torelated areas of study. Alanguageisasystemofhumancommunicationwhichconsistsofunitslikemorphemes,words,sentences,andutterances.Itisasys
3、temofsymbolswhichcombinesoundsandmeaningstogether.languageandthinkingTheFeaturesofLanguage1)reflexivity(自反性）2)arbitrariness（任意性）3)duality（双重性）4)displacement（异时异地性）5)productivity（能产性）6)culturaltransmission（文化传递性）Therelationshipbetweenspeechsoundsandthemeaningstheyrepresentinthelangu
4、agesoftheworldis,forthemostpart,arbitrary.Thereisnoinherentrelationbetweenthetwo.GrammaticalcharacteristicsoftheChineselanguage.1.Thepartofspeechofaworddoesnotcorrespondtoitsfunctioninthesentence.2.Compoundwords,phrasesandsentenceshavesimilarstructure.3.4Citeexamplestodemonstrateth
5、egenerallybelievedopinionthatwordOrderandfunctionalwordareimportantmeansintheChineselanguageforexpressinggrammaticalmeanings.Chineseisanisolatinglanguage,asitswordsdonotundergomorphologicalchangewhenservingdifferentgrammaticalfunctions.Unit2morphology----thestudyofmorphemesandtheir
6、differentforms,andthewaytheycombineinwordformation.Morphemeisthesmallestmeaningfulindivisibleunitsofwhichawordismadeup.Lexicalization:Theprocessofaddingwords,setphrases,orwordpatternstoalanguage–thatis,ofaddingitemstoalanguage's lexicon.Wordshavefourtypesofmotivation:1) phoneticmot
7、ivation,Grammaticalmotivation,Semanticmotivation,philologicalmotivationP41Englishisaphonemelanguage,whoselettersdonotrepresentanymeaning,whileChineseisamorphemelanguage,oranideographiclanguage.Discretewordsareseparated-unitedwords:Verb-objectexpressionswhichhaveatleastonecomponentt
8、hatcannonstandaloneandwhic
