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1、Chapter1AncientEuropeanLiteratureLiuYingWritersandtheirmasterpiecesGreekandRomanMythologyGreekwriters:Sappho(612---?BC)Anakreon(ca.570---?BC)Aesop’sFableAeschylus(525---456BC)PrometheusBoundSophocles(ca.496---406BC)OedipustheKingEuripides(485---406BC)MedeaWritersandtheirmasterpie
2、cesAristophane(448---385?BC)TheAcharniansPlato(427---347BC)Aristotle(384---322BC)PoeticsRomanwriters:Virgil(70---19BC)AeneidHorace(65---8BC)TheArtofPoetryOvid(43---17BC)MetamorphosisIdealizedportrayalofHomerdatingtotheHellenisticperiod.BritishMuseum.Lived:ca.8thcenturyBCHomerandH
3、isGuide,byWilliam-AdolpheBouguereau(1825–1905).ThesceneportraysHomeronMountIda,besetbydogsandguidedbythegoatherder,Glaucus.(ThetaleistoldinPseudo-Herodotus).Whatisanepic?Anepicisalengthynarrativepoem,ordinarilyconcerningaserioussubjectcontainingdetailsofheroicdeedsandeventssignif
4、icanttoacultureornation.ThefirstversesoftheIliadGreece:Helen,Menelaus,Agamemnon,Achilles,Ulysses,Atreus,Troy:Alexandrus(Paris),Hector,Chryseis,Chryses,Antenor,Priam,GreeceaccordingtotheIliadSophocles:Born:496BCE,GreeceDied:406BCENationality:AthenianWritingperiod:TheatreofancientG
5、reeceGenres:TragedyandSatyrplaysSphinx’sriddle:※Whatisthecreaturethatwalksonfourlegsinthemorning,twoatnoon,andthreeintheevening?Sphinx’sriddle:(Man,whocreepsininfancy,walksuprightinmanhood,andsupportshisstepswithstaffinoldage.)TheOedipuscomplex,inpsychoanalytictheory,isagroupofla
6、rgelyunconscious(dynamicallyrepressed)ideasandfeelingswhichcentrearoundthedesiretopossesstheparentoftheoppositesexandeliminatetheparentofthesamesex.Accordingtoclassicaltheory,thecomplexappearsduringbetweentheagesofthreeandfive,thoughoedipalmanifestationsmaybedetectedearlier.Speak
7、ingofthemythicalOedipus,Freudputitintheseterms:“Hisdestinymovesusonlybecauseitmighthavebeenours–-becausetheoraclelaidthesamecurseuponusbeforeourbirthasuponhim.Itisthefateofallofus,perhaps,todirectourfirstsexualimpulsetowardsourmotherandourfirsthatredandourfirstmurderouswishagains
8、tourfather.Ourdreamsconvinceusthatthisis
