哈佛大学公开课Justice-What39;s the right thing to do 07.pdf

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1、Justice07ALessoninLying/ADealisaDealFundingforthisprogramisprovidedbyAdditionalfundingprovidedbyLasttimewebegantryingtowebeganbytryingtonavigateourwaythroughKant'smoraltheory.Now,fullytomakesenseofKantmoraltheoryinthegroundworkrequiresthatwebeabletoanswerthreequestions.Howc

2、andutyandautonomygotogether?What'sthegreatdignityinansweringtoduty?Itwouldseemthatthesetwoideasareopposeddutyandautonomy.What'sKant'sanswertothat?NeedsomeoneheretospeakuponKant'sbehalf.Doeshehaveananswer?Yes,goahead,standup.Kantbelievesyoutheonlyactautonomouslywhenyouarepur

3、suingsomethingonlythenameofdutyandnotbecauseofyourowncircumstancessuchas®Clikeyou'reonlydoingsomethinggoodandmoralifyou'redoingitbecauseofdutyandnotbecausesomethingofyourownpersonalgain.Nowwhyisthatacting°≠what'syourname?MynameisMatt.Matt,whyisthatactingonafreedom?Ihearwhat

4、you'resayingaboutduty?Becauseyouchoosetoacceptthosemorallawsinyourselfandnotbroughtonfromoutsideuponontoyou.Okay,good.Becauseactingoutofduty®CYeah.-isfollowingamorallawThatyouimposeonyourself.Thatyouimposeonyourself.That'swhatmakesdutycompatiblewithfreedom.-Yeah.Okay,that's

5、goodMatt.ThatisKant'sanswer.That'sgreat.Thankyou.So,Kant'sanswerisitisnotinsofarasIamsubjecttothelawthatIhavedignitybutratherinsofaraswithregardtothatverysamelaw,I'mtheauthorandIamsubordinatedtothatlawonthatgroundthatItookitasmuchasatItookituponmyself.Iwilledthatlaw.Justice

6、07ALessoninLying/ADealisaDeal1Sothat'swhyforKantactingaccordingtodutyandactingfreelyinthesenseofautonomouslyareoneandthesame.Butthatraisesthequestion,howmanymorallawsarethere?BecauseifdignityconsistsandbegovernedbyalawthatIgivemyself,what'stoguaranteethatmyconsciencewillbet

7、hesameasyourconscience?WhohasKant'sanswertothat?Yes?Becauseamorallawtrendisnotcontingentuponseductiveconditions.Itwouldtranscendallparticulardifferencesbetweenpeopleandsowouldbeauniversallawandinthisrespectthere'donlybeonemorallawbecauseitwouldbesupreme.Right.That'sexactlyr

8、ight.What'syourname?Kelly.Kelly.SoKelly,Kantbelievesthatifwechoosefreelyoutofourow