如何理解跨文化交际中的幽默.ppt

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1、Astorytosharewithclassmates1、一个美国中将到外国的一个兵营参观。末了，他在队前讲话。为了活跃气氛，他足足用了10分钟，讲了一个自认为很好笑的笑话。轮到译员翻译了，他只用了三句话。在场的人无不捧腹大笑起来。这个将军觉得美滋滋的。事后问译员：“这样长的笑话，你为什么三言两语使能说得清清楚楚？”“是这样的，将军，”译员有礼貌地回答，“你的笑话，我想并不那么容易使人领会其中的妙处，所以我只对他们说：‘刚才这位将军讲了一则妙趣横生的笑话，务请各位大笑一阵，以示友好！”Stage2:Explaining

2、Humor—Isthatfunny?Ididn’tcatchit.Canyoutellmewhy?—well,it’squietsimple,Justasitwere.（challengeanddifficulty:weareoftenunawareofthefactthatweknow.)三段论SyllogismEnthymeme3stepsECRAprocessofcovertsyllogismintoenthymemeExplaininghumor!关于三段论Aristotleintroducedtwoconcep

3、tsthathelpusunderstandhowwereason:enthymemeandsyllogism.TheenthymemeThecenterofAristotle’stheoryDeductiveargumentsTwoparts:truncatedsyllogismsharedvaluesThesyllogism---logicAllmenaremortalSocratesisamanTherefore,SocratesisamoralAllthecatsareafraidofdogsTomisacatT

4、omisafraidofdogsEnthymeme-truncated(shorted)So….SocratesisamanTherefore,heismoralEnthymeme---sharedvaluesWhatthespeakerandaudienceshare“Heldinthemind”(彼此心知肚明的东西）Theargumentiscompletedbythespeakerandaudienceatthesametime.NarrowthefieldSyllogismininterculturecommun

5、icationtheinterpretationofhumor.WhatissyllogismAsyllogisminvolvesathree-stepformalreasoningprocessassociatedwithformallogic.Majorpremise:broadculturalassumptionsaboutwaysofdoing,perceiving,ordefiningthings.Minorpremise:Aspecificcaseorevent,aconclusionwhichfollows

6、logicallyfromofpremises.Conclusion.Whatisenthymeme?MajorPremise(s)minorPremise(S)ConclusionSyllogismEnthymemeHumorMajorpremise(s)providedMissingMissing(theculturalknowledge)Minorpremise(s)providedprovidedProvided(humorortext)conclusionprovidedmissingMissing(thela

7、ugher)HumorasanenthymemeExplainingtheMinorPremise(s)ConstructingtheMissingMajorpremisesReachingconclusionsThreestepstogo!Howtoexplainhumor?Step1explainingtheexplicitmessagesseeninthecartoon“scientificmeatmakerts”Acoupleofscientistsinabartryto“meet”peopleStep2cons

8、tructingthemissingmajorpremisesMissingpremise(A):theordinarymeatmarketbehaviorMissingpremise(B):thestereotypesofscientistsStep3reachingconclusionschallenges:Fi