虚拟语气--林涛.ppt

《虚拟语气--林涛.ppt》由会员上传分享，免费在线阅读，更多相关内容在教育资源-天天文库。

高三英语二轮复习语法专项---虚拟语气 虚拟语气TheSubjunctiveMood英语动词有三种语气：陈述语气，祈使语气，虚拟语气。 一陈述语气用来陈述一个事实，或提出一个看法。有肯定，否定，疑问或感叹等形式。Therearetwosidestoeveryquestion.Theydidn’twatchfireworksyesterdayevening.WhatcanIdoforyou? 例如:ShallIturnontheradio?HowdisappointedTomwas!Whatlovelyflowersthoseare! 二祈使语气用来表示说话人的请求，命令或劝告等。动词要用原形，其否定式在动词前加donot.Letmehaveatry.Don’tbelateagain.Don’tsayitinChinese.SayitinEnglish.Let’sgoandplaybasketball. 三虚拟语气表示说话人所说的话不是事实，而是一种与事实相反的假设，愿望，猜测或建议等等。 三虚拟语气（一）在条件句中的用法1与现在事实相反条件状语从句谓语主句谓语动词过去式Should/would/could/might+动词原形 例如:IfIhadtimenow,weshouldreaditagain.Ifsheknewaboutit,shewouldcome.Ifhewerehere,everythingwouldbeallright. IfI________you,Iwouldn’treturnthecall.beB.amC.wasD.wereTestyourselfD 2与过去事实相反条件状语从句谓语主句谓语had+过去分词should/would/could/might+have+过去分词 例如:Ifhehadseenyouyesterday,hewouldhaveaskedyouaboutit.IfIhadhadthemoneylastyear,Iwouldhaveboughtacar.Iftheyhadknownheraddress,theywouldhavewrittentoher. TESTYOURSELFEX1.IfI______moretime,Iwouldhavegonewithyou.A.hadB.hadhadC.HavehadD.wouldhaveEX2.IfIhadknownthat,I_______so.wouldn’tdoB.wouldn’thavedoneC.Won’tdoD.havenotdoneBB 3与将来事实相反条件状语从句谓语主句谓语动词过去式Should/would/could/might+V原形Should+V原形wereto+V原形 例如:IfitwereSundaytomorrow,Iwouldgotoseemyfriendsthere.Ifsheshouldcome,Ishouldaskherforhelp.Ifyouweretofailtocatchthetrain,youmighttakethebus. Ifit________tomorrow,whatwouldwedo?A.rainsB.WeretorainC.wouldrainD.rain2.Ifitshouldrain,I_______gotheretomorrow.A.willB.WouldnotC.won’tD.WouldnothaveTestBB 补充1.Without(没有),butfor(要不是),otherwise(否则),这些词可以表示某种假设情况,从而省略条件句.Iwasbusylastweek,otherwiseIwouldhavecometoseeyou.=Iwasbusylastweek,ifIhadnotbeenbusylastweek,Iwouldhavecometoseeyou Withoutelectricity,humanlife____quitedifferenttoday.isB.WillbeC.wouldhavebeenD.wouldbeIftherewerenoelectricity,2.ButfortheParty,he____ofhunger30yearsago.A.wouldhavediedB.woulddieC.mustdieD.musthavediedIftherehadn’tbeentheParty,he…….DA 3.Iwasbusyyesterday,otherwiseI____yourbitrhdayparty.AttendedB.haveattendedC.WouldattendD.wouldhaveattendedIfIhadn’tbeenbusy,I……D 补充2.错综时间条件句主句谓语动词所表示的动作和条件从句谓语动词所表示的动作并不是同时发生,这时动词的形式并不完全按照上述表格形式进行,而需要按照各自的时间来调整,这样的句子就叫错综时间条件句. 例如1:Ifyouhadfollowedthedoctor’sadvice(then),youwouldbeallrightnow.如果你那时听了医生的话,你现在就好了.(主句与从句发生的时间不同,应按照主句与从句各自的时间做调整.)Ifyouhadfollowedthedoctor’sadvice,youwouldhavebeenallrightthen.如果你那时听了医生的话,你那时就好了.(主句与从句发生的时间同时.) 例如2:Ifyouhadwateredthemmore,thecropswouldbegrowingstillbetter.如果你再给庄稼多浇些水,他们会长得更好.(指现在长得更好.)Ifyouhadwateredthemmore,thecropswouldhavegrownstillbetter.(表示对过去的虚拟)如果你早就给庄稼多浇些水,他们就会长得更好 例如3如果到现在我还没有写完作文,我明天就还得写它.(从句表示与过去事实相反,主句表示与将来事实相反.)IfIhadn’tfinishedmycompositionbynow,Iwouldbeworkingonittomorrow.如果他昨天把功课都准备好的话,他现在就不会这么困难.Ifhehadpreparedwellforhislessonsyesterday,hewouldn’thavesomanydifficultiesnow. Ifyouwereolder(对现在进行虚拟),I________youtogothereyesterday(对过去进行虚拟).WillallowB.shouldallowC.WouldhaveallowedD.hadallowedC 补充三:倒装形式表示虚拟条件句从句中有were,had,should或would等词语,可以将if省略,同时were,had,should或would提至句首,构成倒装.表示虚拟条件(1)IfIshouldmeether,Iwouldtellher.=shouldImeether,Iwouldtellher.(万一)(2)IfIwereinyourposition,Iwoulddoitbetter.=wereIinyourposition,Iwoulddoitbetter. (3).Iftheyhadmadepreparations,theywouldhavesucceeded.=Hadtheymadepreparations,theywouldhavesucceeded. 1._________,Iwouldtakeanumbrellawithme.A.HadIbeenyouB.IwereyouC.WereIyouD.IhadbeenyouC (二)在动词wish后面的宾语从句中，表示不可能实现的愿望，其动词形式有三种1表示与现在事实相反的愿望，谓语动词用过去式。IwishIhadtimetoread.IwishIknewheraddress. 2表示与过去事实相反的愿望，或表示已经发生的一件遗憾事，谓语动词用“had+动词过去分词”。IwishIhadstudiedveryhard.Hewisheshehadn’tspentsomuchmoney. 3表示将来难以实现的或很可能相反的愿望，谓语动词用“would/could/might+动词原形”。Iwishhewouldbemorecareful.Iwishhewoulddothejobbetter.ShewishesIwouldgowithher. IwishI___abletotellhimallaboutitlastnight.wasB.wereC.HadbeenD.shouldbe2.HowIwishI____torepairthewatch!Ionlymadeitworse.HadtriedB.hadn’ttriedC.HavetriedD.Didn’ttry3.IwishI_______whattodo.A.knewB.HaveknownC.knowD.wouldknowCBA 4.Hewishes_______mistakes.Hedoesn’talwaysmakeB.hedidn’talwaysmakeC.hewouldn’talwaysmakeD.Hewouldn’talwaysmaking5.Iwish____________.A.hewereB.heleavesmealoneC.HebeleftD.hewouldleavemealoneCD (三)虚拟语气在其他从句中用法1.在“It+be+某些形容词或过去分词+that”的句型中，主语从句中的动词形式常用“(should)+动词原形”。常用的形容词有：necessary,important,impossible,natural,strange常用的过去分词通常是表示建议，要求，命令等suggestd,required,requested,demanded,ordered,desired,advised,... 例如:Itisnaturalthatheshouldsayso.Itisnecessarythattheproblemshouldbediscussedatonce. 例如Itisreallystrangethatthegirl__________soearly.A.hasbeenmarriedB.hasmarriedC.bemarriedD.wouldmarryC 2.表示建议.要求.命令类的名词性从句一坚持.insist二命令,order,command三建议,advice,suggest,propose,四要求demand,require,request,desire，通常用“should+动词原形”。Should可以省略． 例如Hesuggestedthatweshouldvisitthepalacerightaway.Sheproposedthatthemeetingbeputoff.Heorderedthattheyshouldstartoffimmediately.Idemandedthatheshouldanswermeatonce. 在表示建议，要求，命令等名词之后的表语从句，同位语从句中，通常用“should+动词原形”。这些名词有：idea,proposal,ordersuggestion,decesion,advice……Hisproposalisthatthemeeting(should)beputoff.Oursuggestionisthatyou(should)bethefirsttogo. 4.asif,asthoughasif,asthough引导的从句可以用来表示猜测，假定，谓语动词在从句中用过去式表示与现在事实相反，用“had+过去分词”表示与过去事实相反。Heisrunningaboutasifhewereamadman.Theytalkedasthoughtheyhadbeenfriendsforyears. 1.Thetwostrangerstalkedasifthey________friendsforyears.WereB.WouldbeC.HavebeenD.hadbeenD 但是,需注意:如果引导的从句所表示的内容与事实相符合,应该用陈述语气:Itlooksasifourteamisgoingtowin(场上情况表明有可能)Itseemsasifitisgoingtorain各种迹象表明天要下雨. 一试身手1.Itseemsasifit_______rain.A.willB.isgoingtoC.istoD.weregoingto2.youtalkasifyou_____there.A.werereallyB.hasreallybeenC.hadreallybeenD.wouldreallybeBC 5.在“It’s(about,high)time+that从句”结构中，从句中谓语动词用过去式表示一种建议，意思是“该做某事了”。也可以使用should+动词原形,should不可以省略,不经常用Youlooksotiredtonight.It’stimeyouwenttobed.It’shightimeyougotup.Itistimewestartedoff.It’stimethatweshouldhavesupper 1.Itishightimethatwe____offAreB.wereC.BeD.willbeB 6.ifonly句型“要是…该多好啊！”谓语动词用法同wish,谓语动词用过去式，过去完成式,或would/could/might+动词原形表示虚拟语气。IfonlyIcouldseehimnow.IfonlyIhadn’tlostit. IfonlyI________howtooperateacomputerasyoudo.HadknownB.wouldknowC.ShouldknowD.knewD 7.wouldrather／hadrather后跟从句，谓语动词通常用过去式表示与现在或者将来的虚拟，用过去完成式表示对过去的虚拟。IwouldratheryoucametomorrowI’dratheryouhadn’tacceptedtheirinvitationyesterday.Iwouldratheryouhadnotdoneit. I’dratheryou_____rightaway.LeaveB.LeftC.WillleaveDtoleaveB 8.Lest,incase,forfearthat唯恐，以免从句谓语动词使用should+动词原形Bequietincaseyoushouldwakethebaby. 9.本来应该做的事情而没有做Should(oughtto)havedone本来不应该做的事情而做了Shouldn’thavedoneOughtnottohavedoneYoushouldhavecomehereealier.Ioughtnottohaveeatensomuchchiken. 10.补充suggest,insist当suggest表示“暗示，表明”讲的时候不用虚拟语气；当insisit表示“坚持，认为”的时候不用虚拟语气Hispalefacesuggestedthathewasill.Iinsistedthatmysonwasinnocent.