不同人群地营养LifeCycleNutrition.ppt

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1、不同人群的营养LifeCycleNutrition1.NutritionDuringPregnancyThePhysiologyofPregnancyAwoman’sbodyundergoesmanychangesduringpregnancytodevelopandmaintainthesystemsnecessarytosupportthegrowingfetus.HormoneschangesGastrointestinalchangesDelayingastricemptyDecreasedgastricaci

2、dityDigestivediscomfortsmorningsickness,heartburnCardiovascularsystemBloodvolumeincreasesby50%IncreaseincardiacoutputDecreaseinalbuminconcentrationRenalfunctionchangesweightgain总体重增加:11~13kg胎儿:3.3kg胎盘、羊水：1.5kg子宫：1.0kg血液：1.2kg乳房：0.4kg细胞间液：1.5kg脂肪：2~4kgRecommendWe

3、ightGainDuringPregnancyBMIbeforepregnancyWeightgainUnderweight(BMI<19.8)12.5~18.0Normalweight(BMI19.8~26.0)11.5~16.0Overweight(BMI>26.0~29.0)7.5~11.5Obesity(BMI>29.0)6.0~6.8ThenutritionalneedsofpregnancyDuringpregnancy,awoman’snutrientintakeandbodystoresmustpro

4、videallthenutrientsneedstosupportthegrowthanddevelopmentofthebabywhilecontinuingtomeetthemother’sneeds.EnergyAtypicalpregnancyhasbeenestimatedtorequireanadditional55000kcalories.Additional200kcal/dayduringthesecondandthirdtrimesters.ProteinProteinneedsarealsoinc

5、reasedduringpregnancytoprovideforRNI:+5g/d1sttrimester+15g/d2ndtrimester+20g/d3rdtrimesterMineralsCalciumPregnantwomenabsorbmoreofthecalciumtheyconsumeandloselesscalciumintheurinethandononpregnantwomen.Thefetusretainsabout30gramsofcalciumoverthecourseofgestation

6、.Mostofthecalciumisdepositedinthelasttrimesterwhenthefetalskeletonisgrowingmostrapidlyandtheteethareforming.RNI800mg1sttrimester1000mg2ndtrimester1200mg3rdtrimesterfoodsource:milkanddairyproductsIronIrondeficiencyanemialowbirthweightpretermdeliveryBabiesbornprem

7、aturelymaynothavehadtimetoaccumulatesufficientiron,butbabiesbornattermusuallyhaveadequateironevenifthemotherisdeficient.RNI15mg1sttrimester25mg2ndtrimester35mg3rdtrimesterfoodsource:redmeats,leafygreenvegetables,fortifiedcerealsironsupplementZincZincdeficiencydu

8、ringpregnancyisassociatewithanincreasedriskoffetalmalformationandlowbirthweight.RNI11.5mg/d1sttrimesrer16.5mg/d2ndtrimester16.5mg/d3ndtrimesterIodineIodinedeficiencyd