材料力学中英对照词汇

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1、材料力学中英对照词汇A安全因数safetyfactorB半桥接法halfbridge闭口薄壁杆thin-walledtubes比例极限proportionallimit边界条件boundaryconditions变截面梁beamofvariablecrosssection变形deformation变形协调方程compatibilityequation标距gagelength泊松比Poisson’sratio补偿块compensatingblockC材料力学mechanicsofmaterials冲击荷载impactload初应力，

2、预应力initialstress纯剪切pureshear纯弯曲purebending脆性材料brittlematerialsD大柔度杆longcolumns单位荷载unitload单位力偶unitcouple单位荷载法unit-loadmethod单向应力，单向受力uniaxialstress等强度梁beamofconstantstrength低周疲劳low-cyclefatigue电桥平衡bridgebalancing电阻应变计resistancestraingage电阻应变仪resistancestrainindicator叠

3、加法superpositionmethod叠加原理superpositionprinciple动荷载dynamicload断面收缩率percentagereductioninarea多余约束redundantrestraintE二向应力状态stateofbiaxialstressF分布力distributedforce复杂应力状态stateoftriaxialstress复合材料compositematerialG杆，杆件bar刚度stiffness刚架，构架frame刚结点rigidjoint高周疲劳high-cyclefati

4、gue各向同性材料isotropicalmaterial功的互等定理reciprocal-worktheorem工作应变计activestraingage工作应力workingstress构件structuralmember惯性半径radiusofgyrationofanarea惯性积productofinertia惯性矩，截面二次轴距momentofinertia广义胡克定律generalizedHook’slawH横向变形lateraldeformation胡克定律Hook’slaw滑移线slip-linesJ基本系统prim

5、arysystem畸变能理论distortionenergytheory畸变能密度distortionalstrainenergydensity极惯性矩，截面二次极矩polarmomentofinertia极限应力ultimatestress极限荷载limitload挤压应力bearingstress剪力shearforce剪力方程equationofshearforce剪力图shearforcediagram剪流shearflow剪切胡克定律Hook’slawforshear剪切shear交变应力，循环应力cyclicstres

6、s截面法methodofsections截面几何性质geometricalpropertiesofanarea截面核心coreofsection静不定次，超静定次数degreeofastaticallyindeterminateproblem静不定问题，超静定问题staticallyindeterminateproblem静定问题staticallydeterminateproblem静荷载staticload静矩，一次矩staticmoment颈缩neckingK开口薄壁杆barofthin-walledopencrosssec

7、tion抗拉强度ultimatestressintension抗扭截面系数sectionmodulusintorsion抗扭强度ultimatestressintorsion抗弯截面系数sectionmodulusinbendingL拉压刚度axialrigidity拉压杆，轴向承载杆axiallyloadedbar理想弹塑性假设elastic-perfectlyplasticassumption力法forcemethod力学性能mechanicalproperties连续梁continuousbeam连续条件continuity

8、condition梁beams临界应力criticalstress临界荷载criticalloadM迈因纳定律Miner’slaw名义屈服强度offsetyieldingstress莫尔强度理论Mohrtheoryoffailure敏感栅sensi