英语词汇学的笔记1-5.doc

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1、自考《英语词汇学》复习资料第一章2006-9-14【大中小】　　以下是我整理的英语词汇学的资料。我在考的时候主要就是靠这个东东。希望对还没有过的人有所帮助。　　大家请注意：笔记中大多数是以名词解释的形式出现的，这些是绝对的基础，应该一字不漏的背下来。其实不少简答题也就是几个定义的汇总，再加上个例子就可以拿满分了。区分两个词的区别，主要还是指明其各自的定义。　　第一章　　1.Word——Awordisaminimalfreeformofalanguagethathasagivensoundandmeaningandsyntacticfunction.　　2.Thereisnologica

2、lrelationshipbetweensoundandmeaningasthesymbolicconnectionbetweenthemisarbitraryandconventional.E.g.“woman”means’Frau’inGerman，’Femme’inFrenchand’Funv’inChinese.Ontheotherhand，thesamesound/rait/canmeanright，riteandwrite，thoughdenotingdifferentthings，yethavethesamesound.　　3.Thedifferencebetweenso

3、undandformresultfrom4majorfactors.　　（Atleast80%oftheEnglishwordsfitconsistentspellingpatterns）　　a）.theinternalreasonisEnglishalphabetdoesnothaveaseparatelettertorepresenteachsoundinthelanguage.　　b）.Pronunciationhaschangedmorerapidlythanspelling　　c）.Influenceoftheworkofscribes/printingfreezesthes

4、pellingofwordsin1500　　d）.Borrowingofforeignlanguage　　4.Vocabulary——Vocabularyismostcommonlyusedtorefertothesumtotalofallthewordsofalanguage.Itcanalsorefertoallthewordsofagivendialect，agivenbook，agivensubjectandallthewordspossessedbyanindividualpersonaswellasallthewordscurrentinaparticularperiodo

5、ftimeinhistory.　　ThegeneralestimateofthepresentdayEnglishvocabularyisover1millionwords.　　5.ClassificationofWords—byusefrequency，bynotion，byorigin　　1）.Basicwordstock–thefoundationofthevocabulary.　　1.allnationalcharacter（mostimportant）–naturalphenomena　　mostcommonthingsandphenomenaofthehumanbodyan

6、drelations　　worldaroundusnamesofplantsandanimals18　　action，size，domain，state　　numerals，pronouns，prep.，conj.　　2.stability–theydonatethecommonestthingnecessarytolife，theyareliketoremainunchanged.Onlyrelative，someareundergoingsomechanges.Butthechangeisslow.　　e.g.arrow，bow，chariot，knight–past　　elect

7、ricity，machine，car，plane——now　　3.productivity–theyaremostlyrootwordsormonosyllabicwords，theycanformnewwordswithotherrootsandaffixes.　　e.g.foot–football，footage，footpath，footer　　4.polysemy–oftenpossessmorethanonemeaning.Becom