医学统计学ppt英文课件CH05 description of categorical data.ppt

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1、Chapter5DescriptionofcategoricaldataContentRate、proportionandratioApplicationofrelativenumbersStandardizationofrateDynamicseriesandanalysisindexSection1RelativeNumbers1、Rate2、Proportion3、Ratio1、RateRate：Todescribethefrequencyorintensionofsomephenomenon.=Numberofindividualoccu

2、rredsomethingwithinaperiodoftimeRateThewholenumberoflikelytooccurredsomethinginthesameperiodExample1Toinvestigate8589oldpeopleinsomecityin1998,and2823peoplehadhypertension.Morbidityrate：2823/8589100%=32.87%2、ProportionProportion:Todescribetheratioofnumberofonepartandthewhole

3、numberinthesamething.Formula:100%=NumberofindividualsinonepartProportionThewholenumberofindividualsExample2Calculatethepatientsproportionof5diseasesinonehospitalin1990and1998.Example2Calculatethepatientsproportionsof5diseasesinonehospitalin1990and1998.Characteristics:（1）Summa

4、tionofproportionsinonethingis100%.（2）Proportionsinthesamethingareinteractional.3、RatioRatio:thequotientoftworelatedindexsFormula:(100%)AindexRatio=BindexExample3Thereare370malenewbornsand358femalenewbornsinahospitalinoneyear,thenThesexratioofnewbornbabies:370/358×100=103Secti

5、on2Applicationofrelativenumbers1、Thedenominatorofrelativenumbershouldnotbetoosmall.2、Proportionshouldnotsubstituterate.3、Tocalculatethetotalratecorrectly.4、Comparisonofrelativenumbers5、Comparisonofsamplerate（proportion）shoulddohypothesistest.Section3Standardizationofrate1、Def

6、initionTocalculatestandardratebyuniforminteriorconstitute.Standardization(oradjustment)ofratesisusedtoenablethevalidcomparisonofgroupsthatdifferregardinganimportanthealthdeterminant(mostcommonlyage).Itisinfactaspecificapplicationofthegeneralmethodstocontrolforconfoundingfacto

7、rs.2、CalculationMethodDirectstandardizationIndirectstandardizationApproach1.Choosethecorrectmethodbyconditionofdata.2.Choosestandardcomposing.3.Calculatestandardrate.FormulaDirectstandardizationIndirectstandardizationExample4Tocalculatestandardcurerateoftwotherapeutics.Approa

8、ch:1）Diseasecurerateoftwotherapeuticsisknown-Directstandardization2)