翻译汉译英常用技巧课件.ppt

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2008-10-20专八翻译汉译英常用技巧 Contents二、句子翻译1.确定主干2.语序调整3.正反转换4.语态对译5.长句的翻译一、词的翻译1.词义选择2.词类转换3.词的增补4.词的省略5.词的替代 一、词的翻译1.词义选择1）在得病以前，我受父母宠爱，在家中横行霸道。BeforeIfellill,Ihadbeenthebullyunderourroofsowingtomydotingparents.横行霸道:为所欲为，想干什么就干什么GeteverythingmyownwayGetallthingsmyownwayBebully 2）钓鱼可分为三个阶段。Therearethreestatesforfishing.“三个阶段”在这里指钓鱼的三种境界，因此不译为threestages。3）他是个墙头草，谁硬就跟谁。Healwayssitsonthefenceandfallsonthesideofthestronger. 2.词类转换1）吃头两个主菜时，也是赞不绝口。Youwillbefullofpraisewhileeatingthefirsttwomaincourses.2）这样，每个地方都有自己的传说，风俗也就衍传了下来。Thus,everyplace,withitsownlegendsandfolktales,hasitstraditionsandcustomspassedonfromgenerationtogeneration. 3）所以人们对于大自然，全都一致并深深地依赖着。Therefore,everyonehasbecomeunanimouslyandprofoundlydependentonNature.4）大自然对人的恩赐，无论贫富，一律平等。People,poororrich,areequallyfavoredbyNature. 3.词的增补1）有水有鱼的地方大都是有好环境的，好环境便会给人好心情。Aplacewithwaterandfishisnecessarilyblessedwithanicesetting,whichinreturnkeepspeopleingoodmood.2）黄鼠狼给鸡拜年。Theweaselgoestopayrespectstothehen—notwiththebestofintentions. 4.词的省略1）种植庄稼和葡萄，酿酒和饮酒，喂牛和挤奶，锄草和栽花……Plantingcropsandgrapes,brewinganddrinkingwines,raisingandmilkingcows,weedingthegardenandplantingflowers… 2）用点画成线，用线画成平面，用平面画成立体。Withpointsyoucanmakealine;withline,planes;withplanes,solids.3）于是转怒为喜，转赞美为责备挑剔，转首肯为摇头。Thenhappinessturnstoanger,praisetoscoldingandnit-picking,andhead-noddingtohead-shaking. 5.词的替代1）狡猾的人轻视学问；愚昧的人羡慕学问；聪明的人利用学问。Craftymencontemnstudies,simplemenadmirethem,andwisemenusethem. 2）自周秦以来，中国是一个封建社会，其政治是封建的政治，其经济是封建的经济。FromtheZhouandQinDynastiesonwards,Chinesesocietywasfeudal,aswereitspoliticsandeconomy.3）得罪了你就得罪了你。Ifyouwereoffended,sobeit. 二、句子翻译1.确定主干汉语句子的主干：主语－－谓语1.1确定主语1）这个地区雨水较多。A:Itrainsalotinthisarea.B:Thisareaseesmuchrain.C:Thereismuchraininthisarea. 2）信不信是你自己的事。Itisyourconcernwhetheryoubelievemeornot.3）最好是等他们回来。Itmaybeadvisabletowaittilltheycomeback.4）勤能补拙。Itisdiligencethatmakesfordeficiency. 1.2确定谓语1）在人际关系上我们不要太浪漫主义。Weshouldn’tbetooromanticabouthumanrelationships.2）当他活着一天，总要尽量多工作、多学习，不肯虚度年华，不让时间白白地浪费掉。Aslongastheyarealive,theyalwaysworkandstudyashardaspossible,unwillingtodreamtheirlifeaway,letalonewasteevenasinglemomentoftheirlives. 2.语序调整1）钓鱼是一项能够陶冶性情的运动，有益于身心健康。Fishingisanoutdoorsportthatcanhelpcultivateyourmindanditisgoodforourmentalandphysicalhealth. 2）我在山坡的小屋里，悄悄掀起窗帘，窥见园中大千世界，一片喧闹。Withoutbeingnoticed,Iliftedthecurtaininmysmallroom,onlytospythebustleofakaleidoscopicworlddowninthegarden. 3）一霎时，一阵被人摒弃，为世所遗忘的悲愤兜上心头，禁不住痛哭起来。Innotime,Iwasthrownintoafeelingofsorrowfulangeratbeingforgottenandabandonedbytherestoftheworldandcouldnothelpcryingmyheartout. 3.正反转换1）他光着脚进了屋子。Heenteredtheroomwithnoshoeson.2）那个房间的窗户总是关着。Thewindowsofthatroomwereneveropen. 3）学习外语离不开好的词典。Agooddictionaryisindispensableforlearningaforeignlanguage.4）她忍住了没有笑出声。Sherefrainedfromlaughing.5）我不能忍受你的脾气。YourtemperismorethanIcanbear. 4.语态对译1）考试后三日出榜。Thelistofsuccessfulexamineeswillbepublishedthreedaysaftertheexam.2）无可否认，他是对的。Itcannotbedeniedthatheisright. 5.长句的翻译汉语：分析性为主，句子结构较松散。英语：综合性为主，句子结构比较严谨。常见汉译英技巧：1）原序对译（顺译法）2）分句合译3）断句分译 （1）一旦隔离，拘禁在花园山坡上一幢小房子里，顿感被打入冷宫，十分郁郁不得志起来。OnceIwasdeposedintoacoldpalaceonthehillsideofthegarden,IsuddenlyfeltIwasneglectedandbecameverydepressed.（2）他们其中有一半是近5年才来到温哥华地区的，使温哥华成为亚洲以外最大的中国人聚居地。HalfofthemhavecometosettleinVancouver overthepastfiveyearsonly,rendering/makingVancouverthelargestareaoutsideAsiawheretheChineseinhabit. （3）一个人的生命究竟有多大意义，这有什么标准可以衡量吗？误译1：Isthereacriteriatomeasurehowmeaningfulone’slifeis.误译2：Arethereanycriteriontomeasurethemeaningofone’slife?误译3：Arethereanystandardtomeasurethesignificanceofone’slife?Ref:Whatisthesignificanceoflife?Isthereanycriterionforitsmeasurement? （4）一个春天的傍晚，园中百花怒放，父母在园中设宴，一时宾客云集，笑语四溢。译文1：Onaspringeveninginthegarden,flowersbloomedmerrily,parentsarrangedadinner,guestscametogetherandburstsoflaughtersoaredabove.译文2：Onespringevening,myparentsheldabanquetinthegardenwhereallsortsofflowerswereinfullbloom.Instantly,acrowdofguestsgatheredtogetherandtheirlaughterwasheardalloverthere. （5）中国民族自古以来从不把人看作高于一切，在哲学文艺方面的表现都反映出人在自然界中与万物占着一个比例较为恰当的地位，而非绝对统治万物的主宰。Chinesepeoplehasneverthoughtof/regardedhumanbeingasthehighestcreatureamongeverythingsinceancienttimes,whosereflection/behaviortakesaquiteappropriateproportionwithallothersinournaturalworldinbothaspectsofphilosophyandarts,butnotasanabsolutedominant ruler.