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Ch10termsofcommoditynamequalityquantitypacking emphasisMethodsofqualitydifficultyMoreorlessclauseQuantityclauseShippingpackingandneutralpacking 10.1Nameofcommodity(1)HS(2)HowtonamegoodsfunctionMaterialingredientOutwardappearanceandmodelcraft 10.2qualityofcommodity●meaning●typesofquality●flexibleclauseofquality 1.meaningInnerquality：function,component,structureOutershape：size,color,shape clothsamplesoybeanmedicinestandardspecificationteacosmeticsElectricalappliancespecialtygradeillustrationbrandorigin2.typesofquality ActualobjectBuyafterseeingSalesbysampleSeller’ssampleBuyer’ssampleCountersample illustrationbywordsSalebyspecificationandgradeSalebydescription&illustrationSalebytrademarkSalebynameoforigin (1)salebySampleBuyer’sSampleCounter/returnSampleSampleforReferenceDuplicate/keepSampleSealedSampleseller’sSampleSampleno.612clothdoll样品号612布娃娃Originalsample Chinasesameseedmoisture（max）8%admixture（max）2%oilcontent(min)52%(2)Salebyspecification chinagreenteaspecialGradeGradeAAfreshheneggs,shelllightbrownandclean,eveninsizeGradeAA60~65gm.pereggGradeA55~60gm.pereggGradeB50~55gm.peregg(3)SalebygradeLarge,medium,smallGradeA,GradeB,GradeCGrade1,Grade2,Grade3Chineserawsilkisconsistsof12grade---6A,5A,4A,3A,2A,A,B,C,D,E,F,G TetracyclineHCLtablets(sugarcoated)250mgB.P.1973盐酸四环素糖衣片250毫克按1973年版英国药典(4)Salebystandard FAQ、GMQ、ISO9000（ISO14000）F.A.Q.Moisture(max.)13%Admixture(max.)5%Oilcontent(min)44%(4)Salebystandard (5)Salebydescription&illustration(6)SalebytrademarkindustrialproductsMAXAMdentalcreamMachinesInstrumentsequipment (7)SalebynameoforiginSichuanPreservedVegetableChinesenortheastSoybean 3.flexibleclauseofquality◆CottonGreyShirtingWidth41/42〃◆Liveyelloweel75gandupperpiece◆Grayduckdown18%,allowing1%moreorlessqualitytobeconsideredandbeingaboutequaltothesample(2)qualitytolerance(3)flexiblerange ChinasesameseedMoisture（max）8%,Admixture（max）2%,OilContent(min)52%.Shouldtheoilcontentofthegoodsactuallyshippedbe1%higherorlower,thepricewillbeaccordinglyincreasedordecreasedby1%,andanyfractionwillbeproportionallycalculated.Adjustmentofprice 10.3QuantityofCommodityunitofmeasurementsystemsofmeasuresandweightcalculationofweight(convention)moreorlessclause unitofmeasurementunitScopeofapplicationweightMetricton(m.t.)Longton(l.t.)shortton(s.t.)kilogram(kg.)gram,poundounce(oz.)WoolCottonCornMineralsOilMedicine…1MetricTon=1000kilograms1ShortTon=907kilograms1Longton=1010kilograms unitScopeofapplicationlengthMeter(m.)Centi-meter(cm.)Yard(yd.)Foot(ft.)inchTextileCord(绳子）Wireandcable(电线／电缆） unitScopeofapplicationareaSquaremeter(m2)Squarecenti-meter(cm2)SquareYard(yd2)SquareFoot(ft2)SquareinchLeatherCarpetglass unitScopeofapplicationVolume体积Cubicmeter(m3)Cubiccenti-meter(cm3)CubicYard(yd3)CubicFoot(ft3)CubicinchTimber(木材）Chemicalgas unitScopeofapplicationcapacity容积Liter(l.)Gallon(gal.)Bushel(bu.)Pint=1/8Gallon=o.57LiterGasoline/petrolAlcoholKerosene(煤油)Bushel---corn(Amercia) unitScopeofapplicationnumbersPiece(pc.)Package(pkg.)Pair,SetDozen(doz.),Gross(gr.)Ream(rm.),Roll/coilUnit,headMachineryClothesToyLivestock(牲畜)1Gross=12Dozens=144Pieces 2.systemsofmeasuresandweightTheBritishSystemTheU.S.SystemTheMetricSystemSI(TheInternationalSystemofUnits) (1)GROSSWEIGHT(2)NETWEIGHT(3)NETNETWEIHT(4)CONDITIONEDWEIGHT(5)THEORETICALWEIGHT(6)LEGALWEIGHT3.calculationofweight （1）GROSSWEIGHT---over-allweightofthecommodityitself+thetare（2）NETWEIGHT---grossweight–tareGrossfornetFourwaystocalculatetare:actual/realtareaveragetarecustomarytarecomputedtare3.calculationofweight (3)NETNETWEIHT=NETWEIGHT–WEIGHTOFSALESPACKAGE（4）CONDITIONEDWEIGHT:rawsilk,wool=netweight×（1+standardmoisturerate）/（1+actualmoisturerate）(5)THEORETICALWEIGHT:commoditiesthathaveregularspecificationsandregularsize,suchasgalvanizedironandsteelplate(6)LEGALWEIGHT:specificduty 4.(convention)ThesellerOver-deliverThebuyerRejectallthatover-deliveredorRejectsomeofthem(computewithcontractprice)Thesellerreplenishcan’tbringaboutunconvenientorirreasonableexpenditureWithintimeofdeliveryThesellerUnder-deliverconditionsBuyerstillhaverighttoclaim Ifyouaretheseller,whichonedoyouchoose?Whichoneisbetter?Over-deliverorUnder-deliver? 5.moreorlessclausetherateWhohastherighttodecide?Howtopricetheover-delivered? (1)Concretelystipulate:“100metrictons,5%moreorlessatseller’soption”(2)about/approximate/circa----10%?“about1,000metrictons”Shouldbetternottouse(3)NotmentionedinL/C—5%exception：ⅠstipulatedinL/CⅡUnitofmeasurementispieceornumbersofpackageⅢIt’slimitedtothetotalamountofL/Cifthereisnomore-or-lessclausecorrespondinglyinL/Ctherate (1)Contractprice(2)Marketpriceofexporteronthedateofshipment(3)Marketpriceofimporteronthedateofarrival3.Howtopricetheover-delivered?-----Theseller,thebuyerandtheshippingCo.2.Whohastherighttodecide? e.g.(1)1000M/T,WITH2%MOREORLESS(2)About1000dozens.(3)Thesellerhastheoptiontoload5%moreorlessthanthequantitycontracted,eachdifferenceshallbesettledatthecontractprice. 我国某出口公司向日本出口驴肉一批，合同规定：每箱净重约10.6公斤，共1500箱，合24.9吨。但货抵国外后，经日本海关查验，每箱净重并非10.6公斤而是20公斤，计1500箱，合30吨。海关认为单货不符，进口商以多报少。问这将会出现何种后果。Casestudy 我某公司向科威特出口冻羊肉20吨,每吨FOB价400美元,合同规定数量可增减10%.国外按时开来信用证,证中规定金额为8000美元,数量约20吨.结果我方按22吨发货装运,但持单到银行办理仪付时遭拒绝.问原因何在?Casestudy 10.4PACKINGFunctionofpackingtypesofpackingMarkingofgoodsNeutralpacking Shippingpacking(outerpacking)Protectgoods,facilitatetransportation/loading//unloading/stowage,reducefreight,preventpilferageSalespackage(innerpacking)Beautify,propagandize,introducecommodityBeautifulandattractiveFirmandeconomical1.Functionofpacking Salespackage ---productcode 国别号中国内地690/691/692书籍国别号代码978杂志国别号代码997香港489台湾471美/加00-13法国30-37德国400-440新加坡888 2.typesofpackingCase（箱）Bag（袋）Bale（包）Drum（桶）Bottle（瓶）Can（罐）Carboy（坛）Basket（篓）Jar(甏）Cylinder(钢瓶)Pallet(托盘)Flexiblecontainer(集装袋)Container(集装箱) ３．MarkingofgoodsShippingmarkIndicativemarkWarningmark ABCLONDONNOS.1-100StandardshippingmarkABC……收货人代号1234……参考号NEWYORK……目的地1/25……件数代号(1)ShippingMark (2)IndicativeMarkHandlewithcareFragileGlassKeepdryThissideupNoturningoverKeepcoolKeepindryplaceUsenohooksTobeprotectedfromheat/cold(2)IndicativeMark(2)IndicativeMark (3)WarningMarkOxidizingmaterialCompressedgasPoisonHazardousarticleCorrosivesExplosivesMaterialradioactives 4.Neutralpackingneutralpacking---tobreakdownthecustomsdutiesorunreasonableimportquotaofimportingcountriesandtopromoteexportsales.Makenomentionofthecountry,manufacturer,address,andbrandNo-brandneutralpackingDesignated-brandneutralpacking 5.Packingclause（1）concrete（2）considerthecharacterofgoods（3）whowilloffershippingmark（4）whowillpaythepackingfeeIncartonscontaining24tinsof450g.neteachInclothbaleseachcontaining20pcs.Of42yds. 客户要求在所有包装上都不要打上“828”字样。我方要求工厂不要在外包装上打上828”，其他与上次出货一样。结果：货物的内包装上仍有“828”。客户要求去掉“828”，损失5万人民币，推迟交货20天。CASESTUDY 上海出口公司A与香港公司B成交自行车1000台，由A缮制合同一式两份，其中包装条款规定为“Packedinwoodencase”（木箱装）。将此合同寄至B方，然后由B签回。B签回的合同上于原包装条款后加“C.K.D.”字样，但未引起A公司注意。此后，B公司按合同开证、A公司凭信用证规定制单结汇完毕。CASESTUDY 货到目的港。B发现系整台自行车箱装，由于自行车整台进口需多交纳20％进口税。因此，拒收货物并要求退还货款。卖方此时才意识到C.K.D.是指COMPLETELYKNOCKEDDOWN(完全拆散)，只好认赔。评析：1．卖方忽略C．K．D，造成实际装载与合同不符，有不可推卸的责任。2．卖方虽然已经结汇，但买方仍有拒收货物的权利。 CASESTUDY我某公司向法国公司进口一批易燃液体化工原料，货到目的地后发现有少数包装因有缺陷而发生轻微渗漏现象。由于我公司未及时采取补救和防止损失扩大的积极措施，结果货物入库后渗漏日益严重，以致引起自燃火灾。事后我公司向法国公司索取全部损失的赔偿，但遭法公司拒绝。 CASESTUDY某外商欲购我“菊花”牌手电钻,但要求改用“鲨鱼”牌商标,并在包装上不得注明“中国制造”字样问我是否可以接受?并应注意什么问题?
