组织行为学 罗宾斯 12版本 第5章ppt课件.ppt

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1、PerceptionandIndividualDecisionMakingChapterFIVEWhatIsPerception,andWhyIsItImportant?People’sbehaviorisbasedontheirperceptionofwhatrealityis,notonrealityitself.Theworldasitisperceivedistheworldthatisbehaviorallyimportant.PerceptionAprocessbywhichindividualsorganizeandinterprettheirsensoryimpr

2、essionsinordertogivemeaningtotheirenvironment.FactorsthatInfluencePerceptionEXHIBIT5–1PersonPerception:MakingJudgmentsAboutOthersDistinctiveness:Showsdifferentbehaviorsindifferentsituations.Consensus:Responseisthesameasotherstosamesituation.Consistency:Respondsinthesamewayovertime.Attributio

3、nTheoryWhenindividualsobservebehavior,theyattempttodeterminewhetheritisinternallyorexternallycaused.AttributionTheoryEXHIBIT5–2ErrorsandBiasesinAttributionsFundamentalAttributionErrorThetendencytounderestimatetheinfluenceofexternalfactorsandoverestimatetheinfluenceofinternalfactorswhenmakingj

4、udgmentsaboutthebehaviorofothersIngeneral,wetendtoblamethepersonfirst,notthesituation.ErrorsandBiasesinAttributions(cont’d)Self-ServingBiasThetendencyforindividualstoattributetheirownsuccessestointernalfactorswhileputtingtheblameforfailuresonexternalfactorsThought:Whenstudentsgetan“A”onanexam

5、,theyoftensaytheystudiedhard.Butwhentheydon’tdowell,howdoestheself-servingbiascomeintoplay?Hint:Whosefaultisitusuallywhenanexamis“tough”?FrequentlyUsedShortcutsinJudgingOthersSelectivePerceptionPeopleselectivelyinterpretwhattheyseeonthebasisoftheirinterests,background,experience,andattitudes.

6、FrequentlyUsedShortcutsinJudgingOthersHaloEffectDrawingageneralimpressionaboutanindividualonthebasisofasinglecharacteristicContrastEffectsEvaluationofaperson’scharacteristicsthatareaffectedbycomparisonswithotherpeoplerecentlyencounteredwhorankhigherorloweronthesamecharacteristicsFrequentlyUse

7、dShortcutsinJudgingOthersProjectionAttributingone’sowncharacteristicstootherpeopleStereotypingJudgingsomeoneonthebasisofone’sperceptionofthegrouptowhichthatpersonbelongsSpecificApplicationsinOrganizationsEmploymentInterviewPerceptualbiasesofr