岩土专业词汇.doc

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1、Part1Generalwords岩土工程Geotechnicalengineering基础工程Foundationengineering土soil,earth`土力学soilmechanics周期荷载cyclicloading卸载再加载reloading粘弹性地基viscoelasticfoundation粘滞阻尼viscousdamping剪切模量shearmodulus土动力学soildynamics应力路径stresspathPart2Typesofsoil残积土residualsoil地下水groundwater地

2、下水位groundwaterlevel/groundwatertable粘土矿物clayminerals次生矿物secondaryminerals滑坡landslide钻孔柱状图boreholecolumnarsection工程地质勘察engineeringgeologicinvestigation漂石boulder卵石cobble砂石gravel砾砂gravellysand粗砂coarsesand中砂mediumsand细砂finesand粉土siltysand粘性土clayeysoil粘土clay粉质粘土siltycla

3、y砂质粉土sandysilt粘质粉土clayeysilt饱和土saturatedsoil非饱和土unsaturatedsoil填土filledsoilPart3Permeabilityandseepage达西定律Darcy’slaw管涌piping流土flowingsoil砂沸sandboiling流网flownet渗流seepage渗漏leakage渗透压力seepage(force)pressure渗透性permeability水力梯度hydraulicgradient渗透系数coefficientofpermeabil

4、ityPart4Deformationandstressoffoundation软土softsoil打入桩（负）摩阻力(negative)skinfrictionofdrivenpile有效应力effectivestress总应力totalstress十字板抗剪强度fieldvaneshearstrength低活性lowactivity灵敏度sensitivity三轴试验triaxialtest基础设计foundationdesign再压缩recompaction承载力bearingcapacity土体soilmass接触压

5、力contactpressure集中荷载concentratedload半无限弹性体asemi-infiniteelasticsolid均质homogeneous各向同性isotropic条基stripfooting方形独立基础squarespreadfooting下卧层（土）underlyingsoil(stratum,strata)恒载/静载deadload持续荷载sustainedload活载liveload短期瞬时荷载short–termtransientload长期荷载long-termtransientload折

6、算荷载reducedload沉降settlement变形deformation套管casing堤（防）dike=dyke粘粒粒组clayfraction物理性质physicalproperties路基subgrade级配良好土well-gradedsoil级配不良土poorly-gradedsoil筛子sieve摩尔-库仑破坏条件Mohr-Coulombfailurecondition有限元法FEM=finiteelementmethod极限平衡法limitequilibriummethod孔隙水压力porewaterpre

7、ssure先期固结压力preconsolidationpressure压缩模量modulusofcompressibility压缩系数coefficentofcompressibility压缩指数compressionindex回弹指数swellingindex自重应力geostaticstress附加应力additionalstress最终沉降finalsettlement滑移线sliplinePart5Excavationanddewateringoffoundation开挖excavation降水dewatering基

8、坑失稳failureoffoundation基坑围护bracingoffoundationpit（基坑）底隆起bottomheave=basalheave挡土墙retainingwall孔压分布pore-pressuredistribution降低地下水位法dewateringmethod