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1、汽车结构)中英文详解BodySteeringEngine+GearboxBrakingPowertrainElectricalsystemChassisAutomobilecomponentsSuspensionToday’saveragecarcontainsmorethan15,000separate,individualpartsthatmustworktogether.Thesepartscanbegroupedintofourmajorcategories:body,engine,chassisandelectrical
2、equipment。现在的车辆一般都由15000多个分散、独立且相互配合的零部件组成。这些零部件主要分为四类：车身、发动机、底盘和电气设备。AutomobilecomponentsTheengineactsasthepowerunit.Theinternalcombustionengineismostcommon:thisobtainsitspowerbyburningaliquidfuelinsidetheenginecylinder.Therearetwotypesofengine:gasolineanddiesel1.Eng
3、ine发动机作为动力设备，常见的类型是内燃机，其原理是通过发动机缸内的液体燃料燃烧而产生能量。发动机可分为两类：汽油机和柴油机1.1Thebasicperformanceprincipleoffour-strokegasolineengine四冲程汽油机基本工作原理1.Engine1.Intakestroke吸气行程2.Compressionstroke压缩行程3.Workingstroke做功行程4.Exhauststroke排气行程1.2EngineOverallMechanics发动机总体构造1.EngineTheengin
4、ehashundredsofotherparts.Itincludestwomechanism,sixsystems，theyare1.crankmechanism2.valvetrain3.intakesystem4.ignitionsystem5.coolingsystem6.lubricationsystem7.exhaustsystemEachofthesesystemshasadefinitefunction.Thesesystemswilldiscussedindetailnext.发动机有上百个零部件，发动机是由两个
5、机构和五大系统组成的，他们分别是曲柄连杆机构，配气机构，进气系统，点火系统，冷却系统，润滑系统，和排气系统。每个系统都有一定的功能。这些系统将在下面详细讨论。1.2.1crankmechanism曲柄连杆机构Crankmechanismisthemainmovingpartsoftheengine,ithelpsenginecompleteoperatingcycleandenergyconversion.曲柄连杆机构是发动机实现工作循环，完成能量转换的主要运动部分。1.EngineCrankmechanismincludesBo
6、dygroup机体组:cylinderblock,cylinderhead,gasket,crankcase,cylinderlinersandoilpan气缸体，气缸盖、气缸垫、曲轴箱、汽缸套及油底壳1.EnginePistonrodGroup:pistons,pistonrings,pistonpins,connectingrods活塞连杆组：活塞、活塞环、活塞销、连杆1.EngineCrankshaftFlywheelGroup:crankshaft,flywheel,torsionaldamper,balancer曲轴飞轮
7、组：曲轴、飞轮、扭转减振器、平衡轴1.Engine1.2.2valvetrain配气机构Thefunctionofvalvetrainismakesuretheintakeandexhaustvalvescanopenandcloseatjusttherighttime.配气机构的功能就是确保进气门和排气门在正确的时间打开和关闭1.Enginevalvetrainincludesvalves,valveguides,valveseatsandvalvesprings,camshaft，timinggear,tappetandgui
8、derods,pushrod,rocker气门，气门导管，气门座和气门弹簧，凸轮轴、正时齿轮、挺柱及其导杆，推杆、摇臂1.Engine1.2.3intakesystem进气系统Intakesystemincludesanairfilter,inta
