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ChapterVTableManners Warm-up:WatchandDiscussHaveyoueverwatchedTitanic?Besidesthetouchinglovestory,haveyoulearnedanythingabouttablemanners?Let’slookbackonthisclassicmovie,andthendiscussaboutwesterntablemanners. ContentsArrivingforDinner1PlacingOrders2FormalPlaceSettings3AFormalDinner4 ObjectiveGetfamiliarwithalltherulesinplacingordersFaceaformaldinnerinagracefulwayGettoknowhowtomakegoodpreparationsbeforegoingtodinnersGetfamiliarwithalltheeatingutensilsandtheirfunctionsaswellastheirplaceatthetable Arriving for Dinner ArrivingtooearlyisrudeWithin10-15minutesoftheearlieststatedtimeIfyouarerunning15minuteslateAtlessformaldinnersAGuest’sPre-PlanningAneffortwithyourappearanceAtformaldinnersCallthehostessDonotbringagiftatallBringsomethingthatisnotneededCheckwiththehostessaboutthedresscode GuestsareseatedalternatingmenandwomenSeatingProtocolAsingletableGuests’numberevenlydividedbyfourhostandhostessattheoppositeendsMaleguestofhonortotherightofthehostess;femaleguestofhonortotherightofthehostMaleguestofhonoroppositethehost;hostesstotheleftofhimHost’sseatfacingthedooratabusinessdinner Firstworkingroupsofsix.Refertothediagramsinyourtext-booksforthevisualizedseatingprotocolandtrytomemorizetheexactplacesofeachperson.Nowcloseyourbooksandrole-playthehostsandtheguests,toseeifallofyoucanbeseatedappropriately.Thenincreasethegrouptoeight,thentoten.Andtrytochangeyourplacesaccordingly.In-classActivity: Placing Orders AtaRestaurantErronthesideofsafetyandordersomethingnon-alcoholicIfyouareaskedfirsttoorderthedrink1Medium-pricedFoodyouknowEasytoeat2Guidelinesforfoodorderthemenupre-arranged,youhaveaspecialneed,3Don’tmakeabigdealoutofitOrderwhatyouwant,there’snothingyouhavetoorder.Say“nothankyou”Say“Nothankyou”4 Appetizers,Soup,Salad,Entrée主菜Heaviest,heartiest,themostcomplexSweet,strongflavor,cheese,cake,ice-creamStartersMainCourseDessertDecodingtheMenu WhiteWineWhiteMeat,fish,chickenRedMeat,beef,portDessertRedWineRicholdSherryTheMatchofWineandFoodWhiteWine Aseven-coursemenu:In-classActivityFirstrefertothesampleseven-coursemenuinyourtext-booksandmemorize.Nowtrytomatchthepicturesandputthemintheappropriateorder: 7.ClearSoup6.Oysters2.Desserts1.fruit3.GameandVegetables5.BeefandVegetables4.Salad B.ClaretA.Sherry雪利酒E.Chablis沙布利酒C.BurgundyD.Champagne FormalPlaceSetting TheGlassware WaterGoblet（高脚杯）BrandySnifter（窄口杯） TheFlatwareRestaurant/DinnerForkTableFork,EuropeanSizeSaladForkOyster/Cocktail(开胃菜)ForkFishFork,H.H.Restaurant/DinnerKnife,H.H.Restaurant/DinnerKnife.1-pc,HeavySteakKnife.1-pc,HeavyFishKnife,H.H.ButterSpreader/TeaKnifeButterSpreader.1-pc,HeavyTeaspoonBouillon肉汤SpoonDessert/OvalBowlSoupSpoonRoundBowlSoupSpoonIcedTeaSpoonCoffeeSpoonDinnerSpoon,EuropeanSizeTablespoon/ServingSpoon TheChinaware1.Dinnerplate2.Saladplate3.Cup4.Saucer5.Bread-and-butterplate6.Charger7.Dessertplate8.Soupbowl Napkin,Fingerbowl,andSaltandPeppershakerFingerbowl ACompleteIllustration Thesaladknifemaynotbeneeded. Atatraditionallyformalmeal,thereisnobutterplate,ordessertspoonandfork.Breadtraditionallywasnotservedwithformalmeals,andthedessertforkandspoonwouldbepresentedwiththefingerbowls. NotethattheabovesettingistheEuropeanStylewherethesaladiseatenattheend.Americanswilltypicallyplacethesaladforklefttothefishforkandthesaladkniferighttothefishknife.TheillustrationbelowshowsyouanAmericanformalplacesetting. WatchtheVideo-clipandThenDoityourself!Putthematinfrontofthechair.Puttheplateinthecenter.Puttheforkontheleft.Puttheknifeontheright.Putthewaterglassaboveandrightoftheplate.Putthenapkinontheplate,centered.StepTwoStepThreeStepOne FacingaFormalDinnerGracefullyAlltherulesoftablemannersaremadetoavoidugliness.Toletanyoneseewhatyouhaveinyourmouthisrepulsive讨厌,tomakeanoiseistosuggestananimal,tomakeamessisdisgusting—EmilyPost Lunch/DinnerHostConsiderpreferencesofguestsGivespecificsMakereservationandreconfirmdaybeforeArrive10-30minearly,lookattable,meetserverGreetguestsatentrance.Guestprecedesdownaisle.Guestgetsbestseat.Seatyourselftotheirleft.Offermenuadvicetoguests,ordereasy-to-eatfoodandlimitdrinksforyourself Lunch/DinnerGuestReplypromptlytoinvitationOnlycancelonveryurgentbusinessBeontime—callrestaurantandsendmessagetohostiflateIfyouarrivebeforehost,youmaysitattablebuteatnothingbutwateruntilhostarrivesNeverorderthemostexpensiveitemTakenonoticeofcheck.DoNOToffertoleavetipThankyourhost! YouareSeated.BeforeEatingBeforeSittingdownLeavethecocktails餐前开胃菜wheretheyare.VisittherestroomforfinishingtouchesHostandthefemaleguestofhonorenterthediningroomfirst;whilehostessandthemaleguestofhonorenterlastWaitforthehosttomakethefirstnapkinmove.Putthenapkinonyourlap.Keepalargernapkinunfoldedandnever“flap摆动”tounfoldit.Astraightback;feetfirmlyplantedonthefloorinfrontofyou;andelbowsandforearmsoffthetable.Followthehostess’slead. UseeatingutensilsproperlyHoldtheforkhorizontallybybalancingitbetweenthefirstknuckle节ofthemiddlefingerandthetipoftheindexfingerwhilethethumbsteadiesthehandle.Theknifeontheotherhandisusedwiththetipoftheindexfingerleaningonthebladeoftheknife.Donotapplytoomuchpressure;simplyuseitasleverageandguidance.Holdthespoonlikeholdapencil.Afteryouhavestirredyourdrinks,removethespoonandplaceitontheservingplateunderneath.Ifthereisnoservingplate,placethespoononyourplate.KnifeSpoonFork AFingerbowlWhentouse?Afterthemaincourse.Howtouse?Dipyourfingersgentlyintothewarmwaterandrinse冲洗themlightly.Whytouse?Cleanyourfingersafterastickyormessymeal,suchasribs肋骨friedchicken,orcorn-on-the-cob（棒）.Shallow浅roundbowlplacedatopalargerplate,filledwithwarmwater;Lemonwheelsfloatedinthewater. WhentheDinnerisServedTheorderofServingThefemaleguestofhonorisservedfirst.TheServermoverstotherightorcounterclockwise.Allfoodisservedfromtheleft,whileallthedrinksareservedfromtheright.Theserverservesfromtheleft,andpicksupfromtheright. BeforetheMainCourseisServedWhentostart?Waituntilthehostessliftsherforkasthesignaltobegineating.Placethebreadandbutteronyourbutterplate,thenbreakoffabite-sizedpieceofbread,putalittlebutteronit,andeatit.AppetizersareeatenwithaforkandknifeDipthespoonintothesouptogetaspoonfulwithamotionthattakesthespoonawayfromyouratherthantowardyou.Sorbet果汁冰糕isservedbetweenthefishandmeatcoursestoclearthepalate.Ifitisservedwithagarnish配菜,youmayeatthemintleaves,freshherbs,orflowerpetals花瓣. ConversationChatonlybrieflywiththoseseatedseveralplacesaway(sothepersoninthemiddledoesnothavetoleanbackward).Donotyell大声喊叫totheendsofthetable.Givethepersonyou’respeakingtoyourundivided(全心的关注)attention.Keepamentalcheckthatyouaren’ttalkingtoomuchyourself.Giveequaltimetothepersonsittingonyourleftandyourright.Avoiddiscussingpolitics,religion,money,orsexatthetable.Alsoavoidanycontroversialsubjectsthatmayfalloutsideofthescopeofthosethreetopics.Donotcorrectotherpeopleatanything.Givethanksfortheservice. Ifyoutakeabreakorleavethetableduringthemeal Whenyouhavefinishedeating ToastingWhoproposesatoast?Thehostproposesatoastfirst.Ifthehosthasstagefright怯场,itisacceptabletohavehisorherspousemakethetoast.Theguestofhonororanyguestwhohasbeentoastedshouldtoastthehostinreturn.Inothercases,aguestmayalsoproposeatoast,butonlyafterthehost.Whentotoastandforwhat?Thehostoftenproposesatoastatthebeginningofthemeal,welcomingaguesttoit.Thetoastmayalsooccurinthemiddleofthemeal,whenthehostraisesaglasstotheguestofhonoronhisorherright.Insteadofofferingthetoastatthebeginning,thehostmightwanttowaituntiltheend.Inthatcase,heorshewouldstandandtoasttheguestofhonor. ToastsLikeawoman'sskirt,theyshouldbelongenoughtocoverthesubject,butshortenoughtobeamusing.Usuallytranslatesintoaboutoneminute.Anexampleofanexcellenttoast:“Ithinkthisisthemostextraordinarycollectionoftalent,ofhumanknowledge,evergatheredattheWhiteHouse,withthepossibleexceptionofwhenThomasJeffersondinedherealone.”Atypicalwelcomingtoast:“Iamsopleasedthatyouallcouldbeheretoshareeachother'sgoodcompanyandthisgoodfood.Welcome.”(atthebeginningofthemeal)Or“IamsopleasedthatyoucouldallbeheretowelcomemydearfriendFlorence,who'scomeallthewayfromRometovisit.”(inthemiddle)Or“It'swonderfultohaveFlorencewithustonight.Let'stoastararewomanwholooksateverysituationinlifeasanopportunitytogiveofherself,tomakethingsbetter,happier,andmorefun.ToFlorence.”(attheend) BeverageChoiceToastingtraditionallyinvolvesalcoholicbeverages.Champagne(oratleastsomevarietyofsparkingwine)isregardedasespeciallyfestiveandiswidelyassociatedwithNewYear’sEveandsituationsofasudden,congratulatorynature(suchaslearningthatonehasgainedalucrativebusinesscontract).Thereisnorequirementthatbeveragescontainalcohol,butitisn'tuncommonforapersonwhoisnotdrinkingalcoholonagivenoccasiontotakejustasipofanalcoholicbeverageinhonorofthetoastinpreferencetoasoftdrink.Often,differentparticipantshavedifferentdrinks,suchaswhensomepeopledrinksparkingcider苹果酒insteadofsparklingwine. Do’sandDon’tsDomakeatoastevenifyouarenotdrinkingalcohol.Dotoastthehostinreturnifyouaretheguestofhonorandarebeingtoasted.Dotoastmorethanoneperson.Dokeepyourtoastshort.Donotevertoastyourself.Donotpreempt.Thehostshouldbethefirstonetotoast.Donotreadyourtoast.Donotclink发出叮当声glasses.Donottaptherimofyourglasstogeteverybody'sattention. StickySituationsSpillingFoodOnYouOnthetableUnwantedFood/TooHotSoiledSilverwareDroppedSilverwareSneezingattheTableFoodCaughtinTeeth Lunch/Dinner--TaboosElbowsontableSalt/pepperonfoodbeforetastingTalkingwithmouthfullDrinkingwithfoodinmouthGesturingwithsilverwarePushingbackorstackingplatesatendofmealAnsweringorplacingcellphonecallsattableDunkinganythingintocoffeeorwaterMakingafussoverincorrectordersArranginghairorapplyingmakeupattablePickingyourteethatthetableAskingforadoggybag Lunch/DinnerMeetings--ExtrasDon’teatwithyourmouthfullKeeponehandinyourlapunlessyouareeatingEuropeanstyleRemoveanythingfromyourmouthwiththesameimplementthatitwentinwith(exceptbones)EatatamoderatespeedTrytomaintainsomepolitedinnerconversationNevermedicate(用药)yourselfatthetableIfyoumustleavethetable,placeyournapkininyourchair Lunch/DinnerMeetings— EasyendingsKnifeandforksidebysideintheproperpositionondinnerplateThehostorpersonwhohasissuedinvitationpays(regardlessofgender)Ifyouarepayingbill,handleitwithwaitpersonasdiscreetlyaspossibleAsyoudeparttable,refoldyournapkinsimplyandleaveittoleftofplacesetting TippingBartender(whendrinkinginthebar)--$1or15%orroundupbilltonextdollarwhenpayingbytheroundofdrinksBellman（传达员）--$1perbagCloakroom(衣帽间)attendant–Ifthereisnochargetip$1,ifthereisafeerounduptonearestdollarDoorman(onlyforgettingyouataxi)--$1Maitred’(餐厅领班)(ifyouwantagoodtableorwanttobecomeafavoredregular)--$10-$20inahandshakeParkingValet(服侍)--$1-$2Taxi–15%offareWaitperson(服务员)–15%-20%ofbillWashroomattendant–50centsor$1.00infancyhotelWinesteward(服务员)(handeddirectlytosteward)--$3-$5perbottleor15%ofbillwhenbilledseparatelyfromfood CocktailPartiesWorkevent—notsocialDetermineyourstrategy:networkwithnewpeopleorcertainknowntargetsDon’tjusthangoutwithfriendsEnterroom,steptooneside,surveyroomMovetowardfriendlyfacesoralreadyformedgroupIfsomeoneentersyourgroup,greetthemandmakeintroductions CocktailPartyTipsGotofoodtablefirst—easiestplacetostartconversationsStandinmiddleofroomornearfoodtable,stayawayfromwallsLearnhowtoholdnapkin,plateandglassinonehandKeeponehandfreetoshakehandsDon’toverindulgeinalcoholManeuver(机动)amongpeople—don’tgetstuck SmallTalk3distinctpartsOpenerMiddleBreakaway SmallTalkOpenersIndividualsCompliment,weather,food,currentevent“Iloveyour______.Isitafamilyheirloom?”GroupSomethingpertainingto(属于)everyone“Howdoyouallknoweachother?”“Willyoubetravelingthissummer?”CasualacquaintancesGeneralcomments“Howhasyouryearbeen?” SmallTalkMiddleSafetopicsSports,books,movies,theater,art,travelQuestionsAsk,listen,elaboratewithmatchingexperience,AskagainBemoreinterestedthaninteresting SmallTalkBreak-AwayStaynomorethan10mininoneplaceBreak-awaylines“Idon’twanttomonopolizeyou.”“I’mgoingtocirculate.”“IseesomeoneImustmeet.”TellthemyouenjoyedspeakingwiththemDiscussnextstepsGoingforfood,tonextperson,etc. 53ChineseMeals第一节位次排列面门为上。即面对房间正门的位置是上座。居中为上。分中央，分两侧的话，中央的位置高于两侧。前排为上。以右为上。国际惯例是以右为上，国内以左为尊。以远为上。离门越远的位置越高，离门越近反倒是下位。 54桌次排位 55 56席次安排 57用餐礼仪注意事项入座按主人安排与示意，从椅子左侧入座。身体不要贴着桌子，保持一拳头的距离 58将餐巾放在膝盖上，可用餐巾擦嘴，但不可用擦脸或抹桌子。临时离开餐巾放在座椅上。用餐完毕，餐巾放在桌子上。取菜时不要盛得过多。不合口味的菜不要显露出难堪的表情。照顾他人时，要使用公共筷子和汤匙。进餐要文雅，吃东西应闭着嘴细嚼慢咽。不要舔嘴唇或咂嘴出声。 59菜稍凉后再食用，不要用嘴吹。嘴里有食物时，不张口与人交谈。说话时不可喷出唾沫，不可高声谈话，影响他人。嘴角和脸上不可留有食物残余。吃剩的菜，用过的餐具、牙签及鱼刺、骨头等都要放入骨盘内，勿置桌上。剃牙时用手或餐巾遮口。咳嗽、打喷嚏时，应转身低头用手或餐巾遮挡，转回身时说声“抱歉”。可到洗手间处理。 60忌用筷子敲打桌面或器具。忌把筷子架在或杯子上，忌把筷子插在饭碗或菜盘里。忌讳筷子交叉放置、放反了、一头大一头小。谈话时不要挥舞筷子，也不要把筷子当牙签用。不要把筷子伸到他人面前。不要翻覆挑拣，也不要使筷子在菜盘上游动，不知夹什么菜。夹菜时不要一路滴汤，筷子不要粘满了食物，也不要用嘴吮吸筷子。 61用双手举杯敬酒，眼睛注视对方，喝完后再举杯表示谢意。碰杯时，杯子不要高于对方的杯子。主人和主宾致辞、祝酒时，应暂停进餐和交谈。主人和主宾到各桌敬酒，各桌宾客应起立举杯。碰杯时主人和主宾先碰，人多时可同时举杯示意，不一定碰杯。主人未祝酒前，不可举杯。主桌未祝酒前，其他桌不可先起立或串桌祝酒。相互敬酒可活跃气氛，但要适可而止，不能强人所难。 62不抽烟。不往地上和桌子底下扔东西。餐具掉落后，可请服务员另送一套。酒水溅到邻座身上，应道歉并协助擦干，如对方是异性，则递上干净餐巾，由其自己擦干。菜肴中有异物时，应保持镇定，用餐巾把它挑出来并弃之，切勿影响别人的食欲。用完餐离座时，将椅子往内紧靠着边。传染病毒携带者应自觉谢绝参加餐会。 63女士不宜涂过浓的香水，以免香水味盖过菜肴味道。女士出席隆重晚宴时避免戴帽子及穿高筒靴。女士用餐时要避免在杯或餐具上留下唇印，予人不洁之感。 ExerciseCompletethePracticetasksinyourtext-books.Watchthevideo-clipfromThePrincess’Diary,andthenpointouttheinappropriatebehaviorsoftheheroineattheformaldinner.Makeaperformancebasedonthefollowingdialogue: Mom:John,will(would)youpleasesetthetable?John:Yes,Mom.Howmanyareeating?Mom:Today?Tonight?Thismorning?Wewillhave(number):name,name,...Therewillbe(number)for(meal).Well,there’s(name)....That’s(number).John:Okay,sotherewillbe(number).Mom:John,you'vesetthetableallwrong.John:Iforgothowitgoes?Mom:Theplacematiscenteredinfrontofthechaironthetable.Thedinnerplateiscenteredontheplacemat,oneinchfromthebottomedge. Theforksgoontheleftandtheknivesandspoonsontherightofthedinnerplate:thedinnerforkfirstandthenthesaladforkandtheknifeandthenthespoon.Makesurethatthesharp-edgeoftheknifeistowardtheplate. John:Wheredoesthewatergobletgo?Mom:Thewatergobletgoestotherightabovethedinnerplatewiththewineglass.Andthewineglassisrightofthewaterglass,inlinewithit.John:Andthecoffeecup?Mom:Thecoffeecupgoestotherightofthedinnerplatenexttothespoon,andthebreadplategoesabovetheforks,slightlytotherightofthedinnerplate.Putthebutterknifeonthetop-edgeofthebreadplatehorizontally.John:Andtherest?Mom:Thedessertplateiscenteredabovethedinnerplateandthedessertforkorspoongoesontheupperedge,horizontaltothedinnerplate.Remembertoalignthesilver1/2-inchfromthetableedge.Putthesaladplatetotheleftofthesaladfork. There!Thatlooksmuchbetter.Centerthenapkinonthedinnerplate,andIwillgetthefood.
