最新4国家心理咨询师资格培训基础心理学课件教学讲义PPT课件.ppt

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1、4国家心理咨询师资格培训基础心理学课件二、记忆种类根据记忆内容的变化，分为：1.形象记忆型2.语义记忆型3.情绪记忆型4.动作记忆型5.情景记忆型三、记忆过程包括：识记、保持、再认或回忆记忆的信息加工模型感觉登记短时记忆长时记忆刺激注意精细复述提取遗忘维持复述遗忘遗忘行为反应1.瞬时记忆：持续1秒内。2.短时记忆：5－9个组块。如果不能在1分钟内转化为长时记忆，它会在5到10分钟内忘掉3.长时记忆：时、日、月、年乃至终身。语义和形象编码；遗忘原因（1）消退说：记忆痕迹得不到强化逐渐消退，可以解释永久性遗忘。（2）干扰说：识记的先后材料之间的干扰造成的

2、遗忘。前摄抑制和倒摄抑制是有力的证明。原因：材料的相似性，学习的巩固程度，先后两种学习的时间安排。系列位置效应：记忆材料在系列中的位置对记忆效果发生的影响。（首因和近因效应）Chapter1TheGeneralSurveyofaWordI. DefinitionofawordFromthelexicologicalpointofview,awordisacombinationofform(phonological)andmeaning(lexicalandgrammatical).Inaddition,awordactsasastructuralun

3、itofasentence.(P301)词是语音、意义和语法特点三者统一的整体。词又是语句的基本结构单位。Awordisaminimalfreeformofalanguagethathasagivensound,meaningandsyntacticfunction.II. Soundandmeaning（语音与意义）Twopointsofviewabouttherelationbetweensoundandmeaningofaword:TheNaturalists(自然派)maintainthatthereisanaturalconnectionb

4、etweensoundandmeaning.TheConventionalists(习惯派)holdthattherelationsbetweensoundandmeaningareconventionalandarbitraryWordsthatconveythesamemeaninghavedifferentphonologicalformsindifferentlanguages:我们(Chinese)，we(English),nous(French)Thesamephonologicalformsmayconveydifferentmeani

5、ngs:sight,site,cite;忙，盲，氓，茫，芒IIIMeaningandconceptConceptisacategoryofhumancognition.Itisanabstractionfromthingsofthesamekind.Itreferstosomethingingeneralwhilethemeaningofawordcanrefertosomethingbothingeneralandinparticular.e.g.(1)Wehavebeguntorealizethattheautomobileisamixedble

6、ssing.(2)Theautomobilewasstalledinasnowstorm.Page301IV.Lexicalitemandvocabulary(P302-303)ClassificationofWordsbyusefrequency:basicwordstock(基本词汇)andnonbasicvocabularybynotion:contentwords/fullwordsandfunctionalwords/formwordsbyorigin:nativewordsandborrowedwordsbymorphology:simp

7、lewords,compoundsandderivedwordsBasicWordStockandNonbasicVocabulary1).AllNationalCharacterNaturalphenomenaHumanbodyandrelationsNamesofplantsandanimalsAction,size,domain,stateNumerals,pronouns,prepositions,conjunctions2)Stability3)ProductivityWordsofthebasicwordstockaremostlyroo

8、twordsormonosyllabicwords.Theycaneachbeusedalone,andat