9. a social ontology of human rights-10. human rights, human dignity, and power

9. a social ontology of human rights-10. human rights, human dignity, and power

ID:7265754

大小:7.21 MB

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时间:2018-02-09

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1、9A SocialOntologyofHuman RightsCarol C.GouldI.IntroductionTheindividualismofhumanrightshasbeenregardedasboththeirstrengthandtheirweakness.Asclaimsthatindividualscanmakeagainstthestateandevenperhapsagainstallotherindividualsfortheirfulfillment,theserightscentrallyappealtoanimportantnotionoftheinv

2、iolabilityofpersons.Further,aspertainingtoeachindividualsimplyinvirtueofthatperson’shumanity,suchrightshaveauniversalistic,andinthisrespectanegalitarian,dimension,stretchinginacosmopolitanwayacrosstimeandplace.Nonetheless,thisstrengthhasatthesametimebeenheldtoconstituteaprofoundweak-nessinthever

3、yconceptionofahumanright.Insofarassuchrightsassertbasicclaimsofeachindividualagainstothers,anemphasisonhumanrightsisthoughttoneglectoursocialnature,andtheneedforsocialcooperationfortheachievementofmosthumangoods.Thisputativeasocialitywouldalsodivertattentionfromtheproblematicpowerrelationsandfor

4、msofoppressionthatmosturgentlyneedtoberedressedincontempo-raryformsofsociety.Inthischapter,I willconsiderthephilosophicalbasisforhumanrightsandargue—incontrasttosuchviews—thathumanrightsareinimportantwaysbasedonsocialityandarethemselvesfundamentallysocialorrelationalconceptions,inwaysthatexist-i

5、nginterpretationsofthemmostoftenfailtorecognize.Suchrelationalityattherootofhumanrightswillbeseentogobeyondthecorrelativityofrightstodutiesorofrightstoresponsibilities.Further,whenproperlyinterpreted,thefulfillmentofhumanrights,whenunderstoodinconnectionwiththecentralnormofequalfreedom,isimplied

6、byanycritiquewemightgiveofdominationandexploitation.Therecognitionofhumanrights,I suggest,canfostersocialcooperationwhileatthesametimepreserveanimpor-tantregardforindividuality.Inordertodevelopthesesizeableclaims,I willappealtowhatI havepreviouslycalledsocialontology1andshowitsimportforourunders

7、tandingofhumanrights norms.1IoriginallyusedthistermandelaboratedaconceptionofsocialontologyinashortcourseonMarx’sSocialOntologyattheGraduateCenteroftheCityUniversityofNewYorkin1975,andsubsequentlyinthebookofthesametitle(Caro

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