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1、MethodsinMolecularBiologyMethodsinMolecularBiologyTMVOLUME239CellMigrationinInflammationandImmunityMethodsandProtocolsMethodsandProtocolsEditedbyEditedbyDanieleD’AmbrosioDanieleD’AmbrosioFrancescoSinigagliaFrancescoSinigagliaChemotaxisandVascularorLymphaticEndothel
2、ium11ChemotaxisandInteractionwithVascularorLymphaticEndotheliumSilvanoSozzani,AnnunciataVecchi,PaolaAllavena,andAlbertoMantovani1.IntroductionLeukocyterecruitmenthasbeenrecognizedasanearlyeventininflamma-toryprocessessincethelate19thcentury.Accumulationandtrafficki
3、ngofleu-kocytesintissuesunderphysiologicalandpathologicalconditionsareorderly(typicallyneutrophilsprecedemononuclearcells)andselectivebecause,incertainstates,oneormoreleukocytesubsetsarerecruitedpreferentially(e.g.,eosinophilsinallergy).Thecurrentparadigmofrecruitm
4、entisthatofamulti-stepprocessinvolvingtheactionofchemotacticsignals(1,2).Classicalchemoattractantsincludecomplementcomponents,formylpeptides,andleukotrieneB4.Inaddition,variouscytokinesareabletoelicitdirectionalmigrationofleukocytes.Whereasmolecules,suchasmonocytec
5、olony-stimu-latingfactor(M-CSF),tumornecrosisfactor,andvascularendothelialgrowthfactor(VEGF),exertchemotacticactivity,themainchemotacticcytokinesareasuperfamilyofmoleculesknownaschemokines(forchemotacticcytokines).However,theinvivoroleofM-CSFandVEGFaschemoattractan
6、tsiswellestablished.Severalindependentlinesofworkleadtotheidentificationofchemokinessuchasmonocytechemotacticprotein-1(MCP-1)andrelatedmolecules.Intheearly1970sithadalreadybeennotedthatsupernatantsofactivatedbloodmononuclearcellscontainedattractantsactiveonmonocyte
7、sandneutrophils(3).Subsequently,achemotacticfactoractiveonmonocyteswasidentifiedinculturesupernantsofmouse(4)andhuman(5,6)tumorlinesandwascalledtumor-derivedchemotacticfactor(TDCF)human(5–7).Atthetime,TDCFwasratheruniqueinthatitwasactiveonmonocytesbutnotonneutrophi
8、ls(6)andFrom:MethodsinMolecularBiology,vol.239:CellMigrationinInflammationandImmunityEditedby:D.D'AmbrosioandF.Sinigaglia©HumanaPressInc.,Totowa,
