smart materials and new technologies：intelligent environments

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1、8IntelligentenvironmentsWehavematerialsthatact,andmachinesthatcanbuzzaroundus.SomeoneinAlaskacanfolloweverymoveofabirdmigratingfromCanadatoCostaRica,whilenotwatchingherkettle,which,duetoashapememoryalloy,willautomaticallyshutoff.Asintelligenceandself-

2、actuationhavebeenembeddedintheobjectsandprocessesaroundus,providinguswithunprecedentedcontrolofourenvironmentandknowledgeofoursurroundings,theyhavealsogivenothersopenentre´eandaccesstoourprivatelivesandactivities.Eventhoughmaterialscientistsdevelopedt

3、hesematerials,engi-neersbuiltthetechnologies,andprogrammerswrotethecode,architectsanddesignersareleftwithboththeresponsibilityandthechallengeofintegratingthesedevelop-mentsintodailylife.Wedesigntheenvironmentsthatpeoplelivein,andtheplacesthattheygoto.

4、Wearenowleftwiththedilemmaofjustwhatitisthatwearedesigning.Dowedesignbuildings,citiesandlandscapes,ordowedesignspaces,placesandviews?Dowedesigntomeetanindividual’sneedsortophysicallyexpressasocialcondition?Dowedesignforbeautyorpragmatism?Manywouldargu

5、ethatwedothemall.Whateverthereason,anditmaywellbeallofthem,theresultisalmostalwaysaphysicalthing.Itwillbecomprisedofcomponentsthatcanbespecified,weighed,measuredandassembled.Withhumanoccupation,thisstaticcollectionofphysicalthingsbecomesanenvironment–

6、onethatmightdelight,oronethatmightrepress.WeknowthatBerniniandLeCorbusierarecapableofcreatingenvironmentsthattranscendtheboundsoftheirphysicalsurfaces,whileourlocalfinancieranddevelopermostlikelyarenot.Assuch,wehavetraditionallyconsideredthatgreatenvi

7、ronmentswerethosedefinedbyandlimitedtotheworkofthebestdesigners.Therestofuscouldonlyhopethatonedaywetoocouldjointheirranks.Nowhere,however,istheproblemofcontextmoreprofoundthanindeterminingthedefinitionoftheenviron-mentsurroundingus.Whilearchitectsand

8、designersconsidertheenvironmenttobeanunquantifiableresultproducedbyaquantifiablephysicalobject,scientistsandengineersconsidertheenvironmentasaquantifiableprocessthatdeterminestheresultingnatureofaphysicalobject.Dowebringsmartmaterialsintothede