选修八 3.1《Unit 3　Grammar》

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新课标人教版课件系列《高中英语》选修(模块）8-3.1

1Unit3Inventorsandinventions

2Grammar动词-ed形式作定语动词-ed形式作表语动词-ed形式作宾语补足语

3过去分词作定语往往与被修饰的词靠得很紧,渐渐地成为一个复合词。这种分词叫分词形容词(theParticipleAdjective),实际上相当于一个单纯的形容词,除表示“完成”的动作之外,还表示“被动”的意义。如：spokenEnglish(英语口语)；icedbeer(冰冻啤酒)；一、动词-ed形式作定语

4cookedfood(熟食);friedchips(炸土豆条);但要注意不及物动词的过去分词常表示“完成”的动作,而不表示“被动”意义。如:boiledwater(开水);fallenleaves(落叶)therisensun(升起的太阳)等。

51.Thetallmanisareturnedstudent．高个子的那个人是个归国留学生。2.Myparentsarebothretiredteachers．我的父母都是退休教师。

6(1)前置定语单个的动词-ed形式,一般放在被修饰的名词的前面,作前置定语。Theexcitedpeoplerushedintobuilding.激动的人们冲进大楼。(=thepeoplewhowereexcited)Losttimecanneverbefoundagain．虚度的时光,无法挽回。(=timewhichislost)

7(2)后置定语①少数单个动词的-ed形式,如left等,只能作后置定语。1.Everythingusedshouldbemarked．所有用过的东西应该做好标记。2.Amongtheinvitedweresomeladies．被邀请的人中,有些是女士。3.Thebooksleftareformystudents．剩下的书是给我的学生的。

8②动词-ed形式短语作定语时，通常要放在被修饰的名词的后面，在意思上相当于一个定语从句。1.Isthereanythingplannedfortonight?今晚有什么活动吗?(=Thathasbeenplannedfortonight)

92.Themeeting,attendedbyalotofpeople,wasasuccess．这次会议有很多人出席,开得很成功。(=whichwasattendedbyalotofpeople)

10高考题MostoftheartiststothepartywerefromSouthAfrica.(MET90)A.invitedB.toinviteC.beinginvitedD.hadbeeninvited2)ThefirsttextbooksforteachingEnglishasaforeignlanguagecameoutinthe16thcentury.(NMET94)A.havingwrittenB.tobewrittenC.beingwrittenD.written

113)TheOlympicgames,in776BC,didn'tincludewomenplayersuntil1912.A.firstplayingB.tobefirstplayedC.firstplayedD.tobefirstplaying4)Pricesofdailyfoodsthroughacomputercanbelowerthanpricesinstores.(2002年全国春）A.areboughtB.boughtC.beenboughtD.buying

125)Mr.Smith,____ofthespeech,startedtoreada____novel.(2003北京春)A.tired,boringB.tiring,boredC.tired,boredD.tiring,boring

13过去分词作表语并无“完成”或“被动”之意，而是表示主语的状态或思想感情等。如：Helookedworriedafterreadingtheletter．看完信后,他显得很忧虑。Whenweheardofit,weweredeeplymoved．当我们听到这件事时,被深深地感动了。Heseemedquitedelightedattheidea．听到这个想法,他似乎很高兴。二、动词-ed形式作表语

14常见的作表语的过去分词有:amused(愉快的)；broken(碎了的)；closed(关闭的)；astonished(吃惊的)；crowded(拥挤的)；experienced(有经验的);delighted(高兴的)；lost(丢失的)；gone(遗失的)；disappointed(失望的)；worried(担忧的)；interested(感兴趣的)tired(疲劳的)pleased(高兴的)；satisfied(满意的)；surprised(吃惊的);married(已婚的)；known(著名的)等等

15作表语的-ed形式可被much,very,quite等所修饰。Iwasverypleasedatthenews．听了这消息我很高兴。Hegrewmuchtiredofthework．他十分厌倦这工作。Heseemedquitedelightedattheidea.听了这想法他似乎很高兴。

16Cleaningwomeninbigcitiesusuallyget____bythehour.(NMET98)A.payB.payingC.paidD.topay2)AswejoinedthebigcrowdIgot____frommyfriends.(NEMT2001)A.separatedB.sparedC.lostD.missed高考题

173)Thepilotaskedallthepassengersonboardtoremain____astheplanewasmakingalanding.(2004上海)A.seatB.seatingC.seatedD.tobeseating

18三、动词-ed形式作宾语补足语能用作宾语补足语的过去分词一般都是及物动词,表示被动意义或已完成意义,有时候两者兼而有之。作宾语补足语的过去分词与宾语有逻辑上的动宾关系,即宾语是过去分词动作的对象。

19Shefoundthedoorbrokeninwhenshecameback．她回来时发现有人破门而人。Mygrandfatherhadhisoldhouserebuilt．我爷爷找人重修了一下他的旧房子。

20动词-ed形式作宾语补足语的基本用法动词的-ed形式可以在“主语+谓语+宾语+宾语补足语”句型中充当宾语补足语。在这一结构中,动词-ed形式和它前面的宾语构成逻辑上的被动关系。如果这种句子改为被动语态,原来的宾语补足语变成了主语补足语。

211.Imustgetmybikerepaired．我必须请人修理自行车。(宾语补足语)2.Thegirlwasfoundbeatenblackandblue．人们发现那女孩被打得青一块紫一块。(主语补足语)

22(1)动词-ed形式可作表示感觉和心理状态的动词的宾语补足语,这类动词包括see,hear,watch,notice,feel,find,think,suppose,consider等。Wethoughtthegamelost．我们认为球赛输了。

23Ihaveneverheardhimspokenillofothers.我从未听过有人说他的坏话。Shefeltagreatweighttakenoffhermind．她觉得心里轻松了些。Theyconsideredthemattersettled．他们认为这问题解决了。

24(2)动词-ed形式可作使役动词的宾语补足语,这类动词包括make,get,have,keep,leave,hold等。Ihavemyhaircutonceamonth．我每个月理一次发。Hewastryingtomakehimselfunderstood．他正努力使别人听懂自己。

25Sheheldherhandspressedagainstherface.她用双手按着脸。

26①(请人)把某事做完。Shehadherhouserepaired．她请人把屋子修好了。Wheredidyouhaveyourhaircut?你在哪儿理的发?“have+宾语+done”结构有三个含义：

27②参遭遇某种意外情况。Hehadhishatblownawayonhiswayhome．在回家的路上他的帽子被吹掉了。Shehadherwalletstolenyesterday.昨天她的钱包被偷了。

28③完成某事(自己也可能参与)。Ihavehadallmyspellingmistakescorrected．我把所有的拼写错误都改正了。Hehashadonethousandyuansavedthisyear．他今年已存了1000元。

29(3)动词-ed形式可作表示希望、要求、命令等动词的宾语补足语，这类动词包括like，want,wish,expect,order等”这一类动词的后面作宾语补足语。Hewon’tlikesuchquestionsdiscussedatthemeeting．他不喜欢在会议上讨论这样的问题。

30ThestudentswishtheTVserialplayscontinued．学生们希望电视连续剧继续播下去。(4)过去分词用在“with+宾语+宾补”这一结构中,过去分词与宾语之间是动宾关系。Thethiefwasbroughtinwithhishandstiedbehindhisback.小偷被带进来了,双手被反绑在后面。

31Withmanybrightlycoloredflowersplantedaroundthebuilding,hishouselookslikeabeautifulgarden．周围种了许多色彩鲜艳的花,他的房子看上就像一座漂亮的花园。

321)---Goodmorning.CanIhelpyou?---I’dliketohavethispackage_____,madam.(MET89)A.beweighedB.tobeweighedC.toweighD.weighed高考题

332)Themissingboyswerelastseen___neartheriver.(NMET94)A.playingB.tobeplayingC.playD.played3)Themanagersdiscussedtheplanthattheywouldliketosee____thenextyear.(NMET2000)A.carryoutB.carryingoutC.carriedoutD.tocarryout

344)Mrs.Brownwasmuchdisappointedtoseethewashingmachineshehadhad________wentwrongagain.(上海1999)A.itB.itrepairedC.repairedD.toberepaired

35Exercises1.Isthisthebikewhichyouwishtohave____?A.repaireditB.repairingC.repairD.repairedⅠ.单项选择：

362.LindaworkedfortheMinnesotaManufacturingandMiningCompany(明尼苏达州矿业与制造公司),____as3M.A.knowingB.knownC.beingknownD.tobeknown

373.Fromthedates____onthegoldcoin,wedecidedthatitwasmadefivehundredyearsago.A.markingB.markedC.tobemarkedD.havingbeenmarked

384.Itwassolargearoomthatahundredpeoplelooked____init.A.losingB.lostC.toloseD.havinglost5.Lawsthatpunishparentsfortheirlittlechildren’sactionsagainstthelawsgetparents____.A.worriedB.toworryC.worryingD.worry

396.With____leaves____intheeartheveryyear,thesoilbecomesricherandricher.A.falling;buryingB.fallen;buriedC.fallen;buryingD.falling;buried

407.Shewasgladtoseeherchildwell____careof.A.takeB.tobetakenC.takenD.taking8.Friendshipislikemoneyeasiermadethan____.A.keptB.tobekeptC.tokeepingD.beingkept

419.Don’tusewords,expressionsorphrases____onlytopeoplewithspecificknowledge.A.beingknownB.havingbeenknownC.tobeknownD.known

4210.Johnrushedoutinahurry,____thedoor____.A.leaving;unlockedB.leaving;unlockingC.left;unlockingD.toleave;unlocking

4311.Thegirl____forwardtobuyinganewgoldwatch.A.referredtolookB.referredtolookingC.referredtolooksD.referringtolooks

4412.Thedisc,digitally____inthestudio,soundedfantasticatthepartythatnight.A.recordedB.recordingC.toberecordedD.havingrecorded

4513.____withthesizeofthewholeearth,thebiggestoceandoesnotseembigatall.A.CompareB.WhencomparingC.ComparingD.Whencompared

4614.____time,he’llmakeafirstclasstennisplayer.A.HavinggivenB.TogiveC.GivingD.Given15.____inthought,healmostranintothecarinfrontofhim.A.LosingB.ToloseC.LostD.Havinglost

4716.____in1636,HarvardisoneofthemostfamousuniversitiesintheUnitedStates.A.BeingfoundedB.ItwasfoundedC.FoundedD.Founding

48Ⅱ.选择恰当的非谓语动词填空：1.JohnSnowtoldthestoryaboutthe_________(astonish)peopleinBroadStreet.2.Someofthepeople_______(invite)tothepartycouldn’tcome.3.Thereisacar_______(park)outsidethehouse.astonishedinvitedparked

494.Theexperience_______(gain)willbeofgreatvaluetous.5.Theseseatsare_______(reserve)foryou.6.Thelibraryis______(close)onweekends.7.Don’tdrinkthe_______(pollute)water.8.The________(worry)motherlookedather________(worry)son,looking_______(worry).gainedreservedclosedpollutedworriedworryingworried

50Ⅲ.单句改错：1.Theforeignertriedhisbesttomakehispointbeunderstood.2.Theyfoundapieceofropewithoneendtyinginacircle.3.Markgothishandstobeburntintheaccident.4.Theybothspentthenightlockingintheroom.tying→tiedlocking→locked去掉be去掉tobe

515.Howwouldyouliketherenttopay,incashorbycheque?6.Whatkeptyousoexciting?7.Youshouldspeakloudlyenoughtomakeyourselfhear.8.Inoticedthetrafficholdingupafterabadaccident.topay→paidexciting→excitedhear→heardholding→held

529.Hewantedthedoortopaintyellow.10.IknowlittleaboutthegirlcallingLily.topaint→paidcalling→called

53FinishalloftheGrammarEx.2~4onPage24,SB,andEx.1~2onPage65,WB.Homework