天津市天津中学2022-2023学年高二上学期期末英语试卷（解析版）

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2022-2023学年天津中学高二年级第一学期期末质量检测英语试卷一、短对话(每题1分，共5题)1.Howdoesthemanfeel?A.Lonely.B.Excited.C.Happy.2.Whendoesthefootballmatchstart?A.At6:00.B.At8:00.C.At10:00.3.Whatarethespeakersmainlytalkingabout?A.Afootballmatch.B.ATVprogramme.C.Atrainingmethod.4.Whatarethespeakersmainlytalkingabout?A.Aforest.B.Auniqueplant.C.Apieceoffurniture.5.Wherewillthewomanputherplants?A.Inherbackyard.B.Inherwindow.C.Onherbalcony.二、长对话(每题1分，共10题)听下面一段独白，回答以下小题。6.Whatisthetalkmainlyabout?A.Thelocationofplasticroads.B.Theintroductiontoplasticroads.C.Thecompaniesofmakingplasticroads.7.Inwhichcitymightwefindaplasticroadaccordingtothetalk?A.London.B.Tokyo.C.HongKong.8.HowcanthebikepathsinthetwocitiesoftheNetherlandsbedescribed?A.Mainlyconcrete.B.Partlyplastic.C.Entirelyplastic.9.Whatisanadvantageofplasticroads?A.Theydon’tbreakdown.B.Theyusewasteplastic.C.Theyareharmless.听下面一段独白，回答以下小题。10.Whatdoesthespeakermainlytellus?A.Theorganofthebees.B.Anexpression.C.Ajoke.11.Howoftenis“thebee’sknees”usednow?A.Itisusedlessoftenthanbefore.B.Itisusedmoreoftenthanbefore.C.Itisusedasoftenasbefore.12.Howdoesthespeakerdrawaconclusion?A.Byexplaining.B.Bygivingexamples.C.Byquestioning.听下面一段独白,回答以下小题。13.What’sthepercentageofright-handedpeopleaccordingtothetalk?A.About65%.B.About75%.C.About85%.第17页/共17页学科网（北京）股份有限公司

114.Whatistrueaboutthetwopartsofthebrain?A.Theleftsideofthebrainissmaller.BTherighthalfcontrolstheleftsideofthebody.C.Thelefthalfislessimportantthantherightside.15.Whatdoestherightsideofthebraincontrol?A.Math.B.Art.C.Language.笔试部分三、单项选择(每题1分，共15题)1.Thosewhorelyondollarsnowneedtokeep________ontheirwalletsandrealizetheymightnotbeabletolivesocomfortably.A.acloseeyeB.agreenfingerC.akeenearD.alongface【答案】A【解析】【详解】考查固定短语辨析。句意：那些依赖美元的人现在需要密切关注自己的钱包，并意识到他们可能无法生活得如此舒适。A.acloseeye密切关注；B.agreenfinger园艺能手；C.akeenear灵敏的耳朵；D.alongface愁眉苦脸。由“ontheirwalletsandrealizetheymightnotbeabletolivesocomfortably”可知，句子表示“那些依赖美元的人现在需要密切关注自己的钱包，并意识到他们可能无法生活得如此舒适”，keepacloseeyeon意为“密切关注”。故选A。2.Tommy’swishis_________hisdebtinthenearestfutureandstartanewchapteroflife.A.topayoffB.payingoffC.paidoffD.payoff【答案】A【解析】【详解】考查不定式。句意：汤米的愿望是在不久的将来还清债务，开始新的人生篇章。由“inthenearestfuture”可知，空格处用不定式作表语，表将要去做的事情。故选A。3.ItwasthefirsttimethatI________onlineinEnglish.A.chattedB.waschattingC.haschattedD.hadchatted【答案】D【解析】【详解】考查时态。句意：这是我第一次在网上英语聊天。固定句式：Itwasthefirsttimethat+句子，意为“是某人第一次做某事”，that从句要用过去完成时。结合选项，故选D。4.Themanagerfoundthathisoffice_________thedaybefore.A.hadbrokeninB.hasbeenbrokenintoC.hadbeenbrokenintoD.hasbeenbrokenin【答案】C【解析】【分析】第17页/共17页学科网（北京）股份有限公司

2【详解】考查时态和语态。句意：经理发现他的办公室前一天有人闯入。根据时间状语“thedaybefore”可推断，“闯入”发生在“发现”之前，表示过去的过去，用过去完成时，排除B和D项，主语“hisoffice”与“闯入”是被动关系，故用被动语态，breakin和breakinto都表示“闯入”，breakin无被动语态，故排除A项。故选C。5.Thegirlrefuse_________anythingthatweresecondbest.A.tosettledownB.tosettleforC.settlingdownD.settlingfor【答案】B【解析】【详解】考查动词短语辨析。句意：这个女孩拒绝勉强接受任何次好的东西。A.tosettledown使安静下来；B.tosettlefor勉强接受；C.settlingdown使安静下来；D.settlingfor勉强接受。refusetodosth.为固定结构，表示“拒绝做某事”，结合语意，女孩拒绝勉强接受次好的东西，settlefor表示“勉强接受”，符合句意。故选B项。6.In1960,thiswasthelongestbridgethat______.A.waseverbuiltB.hadeverbuiltC.haseverbeenbuiltD.hadeverbeenbuilt【答案】D【解析】【详解】考查定语从句，时态和语态。句意：在1960年，这是有史以来最长的桥。分析句子可知，此处为that引导的定语从句修饰bridge，先行词bridge在从句中作主语成分。bridge是从句谓语动词built的动作对象，故用被动语态，结合句意可知，该动作应为过去的过去，为过去完成时。故选D项。7.I’mverygratefultomyhighschoolteachers,without________devotionIwouldn’thavebeenmadesuchrapidprogress.A.whichB.whoC.whoseD.whom【答案】C【解析】【详解】考查定语从句。句意：我非常感激我的高中老师，没有他们的付出，我就不会有如此快的进步。分析可知，空处引导非限制性定语从句，关系词代词先行词teachers在从句中作名词devotion的定语，构成所属关系，应用关系代词whose。故填C。8.LookingintoJane'sroom,Isawher________thepianoalone.A.toplayB.playingC.playedD.play【答案】B【解析】【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：我往简的房间里看，看见她一个人在弹钢琴。seesb.doingsth.看到某人正在做某事。句中宾语her与play之间为主动关系，所以用现在分词作宾语补足语。故选B。9.Mostcollegesnowofferstudentsalesson______tohelpthemsucceed.第17页/共17页学科网（北京）股份有限公司

3AdesignedB.designingC.todesignD.beingdesigned【答案】A【解析】【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：现在大多数大学都为学生提供帮助他们成功的课程。分析句子结构可知design在句中应用非谓语动词形式，与逻辑主语lesson构成被动关系，故用过去分词作定语。故选A。10.Allthestudents________somethingbusilyintheclassroomwhentheirheadteacherMissBrowncameintofetchabookshe________there.A.hadwritten,wereleavingB.werewriting,hadleftC.arewriting,hasleftD.havewritten,hasleft【答案】B【解析】【详解】考查谓语动词。句意：所有的学生都在教室里忙着写东西的时候，突然他们的班主任布朗小姐进来取她之前落在那里的一本书。分析句子结构和意思可知，第一个空所在的这句话Allthestudents________somethingbusilyintheclassroom对应的有when引导的时间状语从句，它描述的是过去正在发生着的动作，所以谓语用过去进行时，主语是Allthestudents，be动词用were；第二个空是定语从句she________there的谓语动词，修饰先行词book，描述的是过去的过去发生过的动作，用过去完成时。故选B。11.Mr.Liraisedhisvoicetomakehimself________inthenoisymeetingroom.A.tohearB.heardC.hearD.hearing【答案】B【解析】【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：李先生提高了嗓门，以便在嘈杂的会议室里让自己的声音被听见。空处应用非谓语动词作宾补，宾语“他自己”和“听见”之间是逻辑被动关系，应用过去分词。故选B。12.ZhangBolihasdevotedallhislifeto________TraditionalChineseMedicine,forwhichhe________thetitle“People’sHero”.A.promoting;impressesB.promote;illuminatesC.promote;concludesD.promoting;deserves【答案】D【解析】【详解】考查非谓语动词和动词词义辨析。句意：张伯立毕生致力于中医药事业的推广，他理应获得“人民英雄”的称号。A.promoting发扬；impresses使铭记；B.promote发扬；illuminates阐明；C.promote发扬；concludes推断；D.promoting发扬；deserves应得到。第一空：固定短语devotetodoingsth.“致力于做某事”，第一空要用动名词，所以选项B、C错误；第二空：固定搭配deservethetitle“应得到称号”。故选D。13.Theway________hedealswiththeproblemsiswrong.第17页/共17页学科网（北京）股份有限公司

4A.不填B.whichC.whoseD.what【答案】A【解析】【详解】考查定语从句。句意：他处理问题的方式是错误的。分析句子结构可知，空处需用关系词引导定语从句；在way作先行词的定语从句中，如果从句缺少状语，常用that、inwhich来引导定语从句，也可省略关系词。结合选项，故选A。14.Threedayslaterthegroupreachedabeautifulisland________wascompletelycutofffromtheoutsideworld.A.whichB.whenC.whereD.as【答案】A【解析】【详解】考查定语从句。句意：三天后，这群人到达了一个与外界完全隔绝的美丽岛屿。句中先行词为island，在定语从句中作主语，所以用关系代词which或that引导。故选A。15.Lindatooktheskirtoutofhersuitcaseandtriediton,only________itdidn’tfitheratall.A.findingB.foundC.tofindD.find【答案】C【解析】【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：琳达从行李箱里拿出裙子试穿，结果发现它根本不适合她。分析句子结构可知。此处应为非谓语动词作结果状语，不定式结构onlytodosth.表示意料之外的结果，意为“结果……”符合句意。故选C项。四、完型填空(每题1.5分，共20题)Wildlifehasbeengreatlythreatenedinthemodernage.Therearespeciesthatarebecoming___16___everyday.Thewhite-napedcraneisatypicalexample.Soscientistsaretryingtheirbestto___17___thespeciesfromgoingoutofexistence.ChrisandTimworkatazoo,helpingendangeredcraneswiththeir___18___.Emma,afemalecrane,hasbeenintheir___19___sinceshearrivedin2004.Bornataninternationalcranefoundation,Emmawas___20___byhumancaretakers.Thisledtoanunexpected___21___,thoughshehadawonderfultimethere.Emmahad___22___takenherselfasacraneandbecomedeeplyattachedtohumans.She___23___livingwithmalecranes,andevenhada___24___forkillingsomeofthem,whichmadeit___25___forhertobecomeamother.___26___,thetwozookeepersdidn’twanttoseetheextinctionofthispreciousspecies.Withtheirpatienceandefforts,theysuccessfullydevelopeda___27___ofartificialbreeding(人工繁殖)andnaturalreproduction.This___28___Emmatogivebirthtofivebabycranes.Thetwokeepersareproudoftheirproductivework.Butbeforetheycanbe___29___,moreeffortsmustbemade,becausethepopulationofthecraneinthewildisonthe___30___,andmanyotherspeciesappearheadedtowardextinction.___31___,noteveryonehasrealizedthatwildlifehasthoughts,feelings,andmostimportantly,equalrightstosurvive.Howcanwe___32___theever-wideninggapthatseparatesusfromotheranimals?ChrisandTimofferedusthe___33___:humanbeingstookitforgrantedthattheir___34___heldallthesolutions,butmaybetheirhearts第17页/共17页学科网（北京）股份有限公司

5canbeabetter___35___.16.A.extinctB.curiousC.adventurousD.distinct17.A.ridB.banC.splitD.save18.A.administrationB.reproductionC.adaptationD.recreation19.A.eyeB.spiritC.careD.story20.A.broughtupB.seizedupC.cameacrossD.cameup21.A.sacrificeB.effortC.victoryD.consequence22.A.unfortunatelyB.cheerfullyC.rarelyD.instantly23.A.rejectedB.hesitatedC.decidedD.adored24.A.concernB.competenceC.fameD.gift25.A.inspiring.B.unlikelyC.illegalD.vital26.A.InsteadB.MoreoverC.ThereforeD.However27.A.systemB.combinationC.collectionD.strategy28.A.allowedB.urgedC.forcedD.forbade29.A.indicatedB.guaranteedC.defeatedD.forecasted30.A.riseB.increaseC.declineD.boom31.A.AfterallB.BythewayC.InadditionD.Incontrast32.A.openB.leaveC.identifyD.bridge33.A.rewardB.replyC.awardD.requirement34.A.programsB.actionsC.brainsD.performances35.A.guideB.companionC.colleagueD.example【答案】16.A17.D18.B19.C20.A21.D22.C23.A24.C25.B26.D27.B28.A29.B30.C31.D32.D33.B34.C35.A【解析】【导语】本文是篇说明文。在当今社会，野生动物面临着巨大的威胁，许多种类都濒临灭绝。文章以白枕鹤为例，讲述了人们是如何努力帮助它们繁衍生产，摆脱灭绝的危险；同时文章也希望人们能意识到野生动物也拥有思想、情感和生存的权利，用心去帮助它们。【16题详解】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：每天都有物种濒临灭绝。A.extinct灭绝的；B.curious好奇的；C.adventurous勇于冒险的；D.distinct不同的。根据上一句“Wildlifehasbeengreatlythreatenedinthemodernage.”可推断，每天都有野生动物物种面临灭绝的危险。故选A。【17题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：因此，科学家们正在尽最大努力拯救这个物种，使其免于灭绝。A.rid消除、摆脱；B.ban禁止；C.split分裂；D.save拯救。根据第1题可知每天都有物种濒临灭绝，所以科学家们是要拯救这些物种。故选D。【18题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：克里斯和蒂姆在动物园工作，帮助濒危的仙鹤繁殖。A.administration管理；B.reproduction繁殖；C.adaptation适应；D.recreation娱乐、消遣。根据第四段提到的“artificial第17页/共17页学科网（北京）股份有限公司

6breeding(人工繁殖)andnaturalreproduction.”及“givebirthtofivebabycranes.”可知，他们是帮助濒临灭绝的仙鹤繁殖后代。故选B。【19题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：艾玛是一只雌性鹤，自2004年来到这里以来一直受到他们的照顾。A.eye眼睛；B.spirit精神；C.care关怀、照顾；D.story故事。根据第三段“Bornataninternationalcranefoundation,Emmawas___5___byhumancaretakers.”可知，艾玛一直在人类的照顾下长大的。故选C。【20题详解】考查动词短语词义辨析。句意：艾玛出生在一个国际仙鹤基地，由人类饲养员抚养长大。A.broughtup抚养、养育；B.seizedup中止、卡住；C.cameacross偶遇、无意间发现；D.cameup被提出、走近。根据第4题和第三段“becomedeeplyattachedtohumans.”（对人类产生了深厚的感情）可知，艾玛从小是由人类抚养长大的。故选A。【21题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：尽管她在那里过得很愉快，但这却带来了意想不到的结果。A.sacrifice牺牲；B.effort努力；C.victory胜利；D.consequence结果。根据第三段“whichmadeit___10___forhertobecomeamother.”及第四段“thetwozookeepersdidn’twanttoseetheextinctionofthispreciousspecies.”可知，人类的关爱使她无法繁殖后代，面临灭绝的危险，所以是一个意想不到的结果。故选D。【22题详解】考查副词词义辨析。句意：艾玛很少把自己当作仙鹤，与人类产生了深厚的感情。A.unfortunately不幸地；B.cheerfully愉快地；C.rarely少有、罕见地；D.instantly立刻、马上。根据上一句“Thisledtoanunexpectedconsequence”可知，人类的关爱导致了意想不到的结果，艾玛对人类产生了依恋之情；同时根据下文中“killingsomeofthem”可知，她甚至杀死一些雄鹤，说明她很少把自己当成仙鹤。故选C。【23题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：她拒绝和雄鹤一起生活。A.rejected拒绝；B.hesitated犹豫；C.decided决定；D.adored爱慕。根据句意，她杀死了一些雄鹤，说明她不愿意与他们一起生活。故选A。【24题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：甚至因杀死了一些雄鹤而出名，这使她不可能成为一个母亲。A.concern担心、忧虑；B.competence能力、胜任；C.fame名声；D.gift礼物。根据本句句意，她杀死了雄鹤，不可能有雄鹤愿意和她一起繁殖后代了，说明她因此而出名。故选C。【25题详解】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：这使她不可能成为一个母亲。A.inspiring令人激励的；B.unlikely不可能的；C.illegal不合法的；D.vital关键的。根据前文“Sherejectedlivingwithmalecranes,andevenhadafameforkillingsomeofthem,”可知，艾玛不愿和雄鹤生活，甚至还杀死了一些雄鹤，所以不可能繁殖后代了。故选B。【26题详解】第17页/共17页学科网（北京）股份有限公司

7考查副词词义辨析。句意：然而，这两名动物园管理员不希望看到这种珍贵物种的灭绝。A.Instead反之；B.Moreover而且；C.Therefore所以；D.However然而。根据第三段“whichmadeitunlikelyforhertobecomeamother.”可知，艾玛不可能繁殖后代了，这就会导致这种珍贵物种的灭绝，所以这里用however，表示转折关系比较符合语境。故选D。【27题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：在他们的耐心和努力下，他们成功地开发出了人工繁殖和自然繁殖的结合。A.system体系、系统；B.combination结合；C.collection收集；D.strategy策略。根据句子结构，这里符合acombinationof...and...的固定短语；结合句意和常识，应该是人们的努力帮助实现了自然生产，所以是人工繁殖和自然繁殖的结合。故选B。【28题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：这让艾玛生下了五只鹤宝宝。A.allowed允许；B.urged催促；C.forced逼迫；D.forbade禁止。根据上一句“Withtheirpatienceandefforts,theysuccessfullydevelopedacombinationofartificialbreeding(人工繁殖)andnaturalreproduction.”可知，在两位动物园管理员的努力下，成功开发了繁殖技术，使得艾玛生下了宝宝。所以是这种结合的技术允许艾玛有了当妈妈的机会。故选A。【29题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：但要保证这些，还必须付出更多努力，因为野生鹤的数量在减少，而且许多其他物种正走向灭绝。A.indicated表明；B.guaranteed保证；C.defeated打败；D.forecasted预报。根据第四段“ThisallowedEmmatogivebirthtofivebabycranes.”可知，艾玛诞下五子，消除了濒临灭绝的危险；但是鹤的数量还是在减少，其他物种也濒临灭绝，所以要想确保得之不易的成果，还需要努力。故选B。【30题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：因为野外的仙鹤数量在减少，而且许多其他物种正走向灭绝。A.rise上升、增长；B.increase增加；C.decline下降、减少；D.boom繁荣。根据“andmanyotherspeciesappearheadedtowardextinction.”可知，两句为并列递进关系，所以前文提到的人们还需继续努力，才能确保仙鹤不被灭绝的原因是“仙鹤数量在减少”符合语境。故选C。【31题详解】考查介词短语词义辨析。句意：相反，不是每个人都意识到野生动物有思想，有感情，最重要的是，有平等的生存权利。A.Afterall毕竟；B.Bytheway顺便说一句；C.Inaddition此外；D.Incontrast与此相反。根据前文“moreeffortsmustbemade”可知，作者认为人们应给更加努力来保护野生动物，但是事实是不是每个人都能意识到这些的，所以这里用“相反”符合语境。故选D。【32题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：我们怎样才能缩小我们与其他动物之间不断扩大的鸿沟呢?A.open打开；B.leave离开、留下；C.identify识别、确认；D.bridge消除（隔阂）、弥合（分歧）。根据第五段“noteveryonehasrealizedthatwildlifehasthoughts,feelings,andmostimportantly,equalrightstosurvive.”第17页/共17页学科网（北京）股份有限公司

8可知，不是每个人都能意识到野生动物是有思想、感情和平等生存的权利的，说明人们和动物之间是有鸿沟的，所以作者提出如何才能消缩小这种鸿沟。故选D。【33题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：克里斯和蒂姆给了我们答复。A.reward酬谢、回报；B.reply回答、答复；C.award奖品；D.requirement要求。根据上一句“Howcanwe___17___theever-wideninggapthatseparatesusfromotheranimals?”作者提出了问题，所以这里是二人给出了回答。故选B。【34题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：人类想当然地认为他们的大脑拥有所有的解决方案，但也许他们的心可以成为更好的向导。A.programs程序、项目；B.actions行为、行动；C.brains大脑；D.performances表演。根据下文中“hearts”并结合句意可知，这里应用“brains”与其相对应，表达不能光有想法，还要用心做事。故选C。【35题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：人类想当然地认为他们的大脑拥有所有的解决方案，但也许他们的心可以成为更好的向导。A.guide向导；B.companion伙伴；C.colleague同事；D.example例子。根据第五段“noteveryonehasrealizedthatwildlifehasthoughts,feelings,andmostimportantly,equalrightstosurvive.”可知，人们没有意识到野生动物有思想和情感，拥有平等生存的权利，所以要想缩小人类与它们之间的鸿沟，就要从心里上认识到这些问题，这样才能真正解决问题。所以说人们的心可能才是解决问题的向导。故选A。五、阅读理解(每题2分，共20题)A“Luckisamatterofpreparationmeetingopportunity,”saidtheAmericantalkshowhostOprahWinfrey.I’veneverwatchedhershow,butwhenaself-madebillionairegiveslifeadviceit’sprobablyworthlisteningto.Herpointisthatblindluckisveryrare.Youmayhavetobeluckytofindagoodjobthesedaysbutthatdoesnotmeanyoushouldsitathomewaitingfortheopportunitytocometoyou.Ifyou’reaChinese,youmayalreadybefamiliarwiththetaleofafarmerwaitingbyatreestumpforarabbittorunoutandbreakitsneck.AbookbytheUKpsychologistRichardWiseman,calledTheLuckFactor,argueswecanallmakeourselvesluckier.It’smostaboutgoingtoatempletoburnsomeincenseinhopesthatthegodswillgiveyougoodfortune,butpracticaladviceyoucanfolloweachday.Wisemanconductedanexperimentaspartofhisstudies.Firsthedividedvolunteersintotwogroups:thosewhosaidtheywereluckyinlifeandthosewhosaidtheywerenot.Hegaveeveryoneanewspaperandaskedthemtolookthroughittocounthowmanyphotographsithadinside.Onaverage,theunluckypeopletookabouttwominutestocountthephotographswhiletheluckypeopletookjustseconds.Why?Onthesecondpageofthenewspaper,acommand,“Stopcounting.Thereare43photographsinthisnewspaper,”waswritteninbigletters.Theunluckypeoplemostlydidnotspotthemessage.It’seasytocomparethissituationtoayoungpersonlookingforjobsinalocalpaper.Theymightsearchsohardforonetypeofpositionthattheymissanevenbetteropportunity.Peoplewhoare“lucky”,infact,keepan第17页/共17页学科网（北京）股份有限公司

9openmindanddon’tgothroughthesameroutineeveryday.Inaword,trytoturnbadluckintogood.Evenifyoudofalldownandbreakaleg,thetimespentathomecanbeusedwiselytostudyEnglish.36.Whichofthefollowingsmostagreeswiththewriter’spoint?A.Successisforthosewhoareprepared.B.Romewasnotbuiltinaday.C.Allisnotgoldthatshines.D.Agoodheartdefeatsillfortune.37.WhatdoyouknowaboutOprahWinfrey?A.Shebecamefamousthroughherfamilybackground.B.Shewasveryluckyandseldomsuffereddifficultiesinherlife.C.SheisaBritishtalkshowhost.D.Shebecamesuccessfulbyherowneffort.38.ThewriterquotedtheChinesetaleofafarmerinordertoshow________.A.mancandefeatmatureB.luckisyourownhandC.badluckcanturnintogoodD.neverwaitingforthechancetocome39.FromtheexperimentWisemandrewtheconclusionthat________A.luckypeoplearequick-mindedB.unluckypeopleareslowtoreadC.luckypeopleoftenhaveanopenmindD.unluckypeoplearemorecreative40.Theunderlinedword“spot”istheclosestinmeaningto“________”.A.DiscoverB.MarkC.MakeD.Receive【答案】36.A37.D38.D39.C40.A【解析】【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要说明了运气属于有准备的人，介绍了和幸运相关的一项研究，指出“幸运”的人，其实是保持开放的心态，每天都不走同样的路，应该试着把坏运气变成好运气。【36题详解】推理判断题。根据第一段““Luckisamatterofpreparationmeetingopportunity,”saidtheAmericantalkshowhostOprahWinfrey.I’veneverwatchedhershow,butwhenaself-madebillionairegiveslifeadviceit’sprobablyworthlisteningto.(美国脱口秀主持人奥普拉•温弗瑞说：“运气就是准备遇上机会。”我从来没看过她的节目，但当一个白手起家的亿万富翁给出人生建议时，或许值得一听)”推知，作者会同意A选项“成功属于有准备的人”这个观点。故选A。【37题详解】细节理解题。根据第一段中“I’veneverwatchedhershow,butwhenaself-madebillionairegiveslifeadviceit’sprobablyworthlisteningto.(我从来没看过她的节目，但当一个白手起家的亿万富翁给出人生建议时，或许值得一听)”可知，OprahWinfrey靠自己的努力获得了成功。故选D。【38题详解】推理判断题。根据第二段中“Herpointisthatblindluckisveryrare.Youmayhavetobeluckytofindagoodjobthesedaysbutthatdoesnotmeanyoushouldsitathomewaitingfortheopportunitytocometoyou.Ifyou’reaChinese,youmayalreadybefamiliarwiththetaleofafarmerwaitingbyatreestumpforarabbittorunoutandbreakitsneck.(第17页/共17页学科网（北京）股份有限公司

10她的观点是，盲目的运气是非常罕见的。你可能会幸运地找到一份好工作，但这并不意味着你应该坐在家里等待机会来找你。如果你是一个中国人，你可能已经熟悉了这样一个故事：一个农民在树桩旁等待一只兔子跑出来折断它的脖子)”推知，作者引用“守株待兔”的故事来进一步说明个人努力的重要性，绝不要等着机会到来。故选D。【39题详解】细节理解题。根据倒数第二段中“Peoplewhoare“lucky”,infact,keepanopenmindanddon’tgothroughthesameroutineeveryday.(“幸运”的人，其实是保持开放的心态，每天都不走同样的路)”可知，怀斯曼从实验中得出结论：幸运的人往往思想开放。故选C。【40题详解】词句猜测题。根据第四段中“Onaverage,theunluckypeopletookabouttwominutestocountthephotographswhiletheluckypeopletookjustseconds.Why?Onthesecondpageofthenewspaper,acommand,“Stopcounting.Thereare43photographsinthisnewspaper,”waswritteninbigletters.(平均而言，不幸的人花了大约两分钟来数照片，而幸运的人只花了几秒钟。为什么？在报纸的第二页上，一条命令：“停止计数。这份报纸上有43张照片，”他用大写字母写道)”可知，幸运的人只花了几秒钟就发现了这条信息，而不幸的人大多没有发现这个信息。故画线词意思是“发现”。故选A。BFireantsarefamousfortheirconstructionprojects(aswellastheirburningbites).Whentheyneedto,coloniesoftheseinsectsturnthemselvesintoladders,chainsandwalls.Andwhenfloodwaterrises,acolonycanfloattosafetybymakinganunusualboat.Theantsholdtightlytoeachother,formingafloatingdiskatopthewater.Theantraftmayfloatformonthsseekingsafeharbor.Theantsonthebottomdon’tdrown,andtheantsonthetopstaydry.Workingtogether,theantsfloattosafety—eventhoughasingleantaloneinthewaterwillstruggletosurvive.“Theyhavetostaytogetherasacolonytosurvive.”NathanMlotsaid.Fireantsandwaterdon’tmix.Theant’shardoutershell,naturallyrepelswater.Adropofwatercansitontopoftheantlikeabackpack.Whenanantdoesendupunderwater,tinyhairsonitsbodycantrapbubblesofairthatgivethebugaboostup.Toinvestigatethesciencebehindtheantraft,thescientistsplacedhundredsorthousandsofantsatatimeinthewater.Agroupofantstookabout100seconds,onaverage,tobuildaraft.Theresearchersrepeatedtheexperimentmultipletimes.Eachtime,theantsorganizedthemselvesthesameway,creatingaraftaboutthesizeandthethicknessofathinpancake.Theraftswereflexibleandstrong,stayingtogetherevenwhentheresearcherspushedtheraftsunderwater.Thescientiststhenfrozetheraftsinliquidnitrogenandstudiedthemunderpowerfulmicroscopestofigureouthowtheantskepteveryonesafeandthewaterout.Theteamfoundthatsomeantsusedtheirjawstobiteotherants’legs.Otherantsjoinedtheirlegstogether.Thankstothesetightbonds,saythescientists,theantsdidabetterjobatkeepingthewaterawaythananyoneantcoulddoonitsown.Byworkingtogether,thousandsofantscanstayaliveinthefaceofacrisislikeafloodbyusingtheirownbodiestobuildaboat.41.Whenfloodcomes,fireants________.A.willrunawayseparatelyB.findaholetohidethemselves第17页/共17页学科网（北京）股份有限公司

11C.combinethemselvesintoaraftD.climbontoboatsonthewater42.Whatmakesfireantsstayafloat?A.Tinyhairsontheirbody.B.Theirhardoutershell.C.Theirslipperyskin.D.Theirbackpackonitsbodytop.43.Afterscientistsputfireantsintothewater,they________.A.builtaraftin100minutesB.organizedthemselvesintoaflexibleraftC.organizedthemselvesindifferentwaysD.likedtolookforthefoodofpancakes44.Thestoryoffireantsprovestheimportanceof________.A.practiceB.calmnessC.cooperationD.speed45.Thepurposeofwritingthistextistointroduce________.A.howfireantsreactinfaceofdangerB.fireants’differencesfromcommonantsC.fireants’abilitytoliveunderwaterD.thebuildingabilityoffireants【答案】41.C42.A43.B44.C45.D【解析】【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了火蚁在洪水来临时，会聚集成筏子。研究人员研究了让它们保持漂浮的原因以及它们的合作精神。【41题详解】细节理解题。根据第一段中“Andwhenfloodwaterrises,acolonycanfloattosafetybymakinganunusualboat.Theantsholdtightlytoeachother,formingafloatingdiskatopthewater.(当洪水上涨时，蜂群可以通过制造一艘不寻常的船漂浮到安全的地方。蚂蚁们紧紧地抱在一起，在水面上形成一个漂浮的圆盘)”可知，当洪水来临时，火蚁会聚集成筏子。故选C。【42题详解】细节理解题。根据第三段中“Whenanantdoesendupunderwater,tinyhairsonitsbodycantrapbubblesofairthatgivethebugaboostup.(当一只蚂蚁最终沉入水中时，它身上的细小毛发可以捕获气泡，给它一个助推器)”可知，火蚁身上的细小毛发让火蚁保持漂浮。故选A。【43题详解】细节理解题。根据第四段“Toinvestigatethesciencebehindtheantraft,thescientistsplacedhundredsorthousandsofantsatatimeinthewater.Agroupofantstookabout100seconds,onaverage,tobuildaraft.Theresearchersrepeatedtheexperimentmultipletimes.Eachtime,theantsorganizedthemselvesthesameway,creatingaraftaboutthesizeandthethicknessofathinpancake.Theraftswereflexibleandstrong,stayingtogetherevenwhentheresearcherspushedtheraftsunderwater.(为了研究蚂蚁筏背后的科学，科学家们把成百上千只蚂蚁同时放入水中。一群蚂蚁建造一个筏子平均需要100秒。研究人员重复了多次实验。每一次，蚂蚁都以同样的方式组织自己，创造出一个薄煎饼大小和厚度的筏子。这些木筏既柔韧又坚固，即使研究人员把木筏推到水下，它们也能保持在一起)”可知，科学家们将火蚁放入水中后，它们将自己组织成一个灵活的筏子。故选B。【44题详解】细节理解题。根据最后一段“Theteamfoundthatsomeantsusedtheirjawstobiteotherants’legs.Otherants第17页/共17页学科网（北京）股份有限公司

12joinedtheirlegstogether.Thankstothesetightbonds,saythescientists,theantsdidabetterjobatkeepingthewaterawaythananyoneantcoulddoonitsown.Byworkingtogether,thousandsofantscanstayaliveinthefaceofacrisislikeafloodbyusingtheirownbodiestobuildaboat.(研究小组发现，一些蚂蚁用它们的下颚咬其他蚂蚁的腿。其他蚂蚁把它们的腿连在一起。科学家们说，多亏了这些紧密的纽带，蚂蚁在防水方面比任何一只蚂蚁都做得更好。通过共同努力，成千上万的蚂蚁可以在面对洪水这样的危机时用自己的身体建造一艘船，从而存活下来)”可知，火蚁的故事证明了合作的重要性。故选C。【45题详解】推理判断题。根据第一段中“Fireantsarefamousfortheirconstructionprojects(aswellastheirburningbites).(火蚁以它们的建筑工程（以及它们灼烧的叮咬）而闻名)”结合文章主要介绍了火蚁在洪水来临时，会聚集成筏子。研究人员研究了让它们保持漂浮的原因以及它们的合作精神。可推知，写这篇文章的目的是介绍火蚁的建筑能力。故选D。CStudieshaveshownthatagoodnight’sresthelpsusstayhealthy,bothmentallyandphysically.Andresearcherssaysleepisprobablythebesttoolwehaveformemoryandlearning.MichaelTweryisanexpertonthescienceofsleepandsleepdisorders.Hetoldmethatagoodnight’ssleephelpstolearnbetter.“Gettingagoodnight’ssleepisimportantforthelearningandmemoryprocessbecauseitstoresthetrainingexercisesandthelearningexercisesintoourmorepermanent(持久的)memorywhilewe’resleeping7-8hoursinbed.Andthenthenextmorningwhenyouwakeup,yourmindisbetterpreparedtoactonthatinformation.”Butwhataboutgettingrestduringthemiddleoftheday?Shortperiodsofsleepmayhelpourbrainsworkbetterorso,saysarecentstudyonnapping.Paststudieshaveshownthatnappingcanhelpbabiesandyoungchildrenlearnbetter.Andnappingcanhelpbrainperformanceinolderadults.Takinganapmayalsohelpthisgroupofpeoplefightoffage-relatedmemoryloss.Researchersrecentlylookedatinformationprovidedbynearly3,000Chineseadults,aged65yearsorolder.Theywantedtolearnifnappingafteramid-daymealhadanyeffectonthementalperformanceofthesubjects.Nearly60percentofthose3,000peoplesaidtheydidtakeanapafterlunchandthattheirnapslastedanywherefrom30to90minutes.Mostofthesubjectssaidtheynappedforaboutanhour.Thestudyfoundthatpeoplewhotookanhour-longnapdidmuchbetteronmentalteststhanthosewhodidnotnap.Thehour-longnappersalsodidbetterontheteststhanthosewhonappedforshorterandlongerperiods.Keepinmind,however,thatthesearethefindingsforthoseovertheageof65.YetDoctorMichaelTwerynotesthatanhourlongnapmaybetoolongforyoung,healthyadults.“Currently,we’rerecommendingthatwetrytosleepforabout30minutesorless.And30minutesisenoughtoremovethepressuretosleepandwillhelpusfeelmoreawake.Ifwenaplonger,wewillgettrappedintothosedeeperlayersofsleep,whichcanbehardtogetoutof.”46.AccordingtoTwery,whydoesagoodnight’ssleephelptolearnbetter?A.Becauseithelpstorememberclearly.B.Becauseithelpstothinkdeeply.第17页/共17页学科网（北京）股份有限公司

13C.Becauseitcanhelpactquickly.D.Becauseithelpstorememberlongerandactmoreeffectively.47.What’sthemeaningofnap?A.Alongtimesleepduringdaytime.B.Ashorttimesleepduringdaytime.C.Ashorttimesleepduringthenight.D.Alongtimesleepduringthenight.48.Whatkindofpeopledoesnaphelp?A.Students.B.Babies.C.Oldpeople.D.Babies,youngchildrenandtheold.49.Whatmayhelpoldpeopledecreasememorylossbecauseofage?A.8hours’night’ssleep.B.Agoodnight’ssleep.C.Nappingduringthemiddleoftheday.D.Longtimesleepduringthemiddleoftheday.50.Accordingtothepassage,whichofthefollowingstatementsistrue?A.Deeperlayersofsleepisgoodforyoungpeople’sstudyandwork.B.Younghealthyadultsneedanhournap.C.30minutesistooshortforyoungpeopletoremovethepressuretosleep.D.Agoodnight’sresthelpsusstayhealthy,bothmentallyandphysically.【答案】46.D47.B48.D49.C50.D【解析】【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章讲述了，良好的睡眠可以帮助我们学习和记忆，科学研究表明午睡也可以帮助我们学习和记忆。【46题详解】细节理解题。由第二段中的“Gettingagoodnight’ssleepisimportantforthelearningandmemoryprocessbecauseitstoresthetrainingexercisesandthelearningexercisesintoourmorepermanent(持久的)memorywhilewe’resleeping7-8hoursinbed.Andthenthenextmorningwhenyouwakeup,yourmindisbetterpreparedtoactonthatinformation.(良好的睡眠对学习和记忆过程很重要，因为当我们在床上睡7-8个小时时，它会将训练练习和学习练习存储到我们更持久的记忆中。然后第二天早上醒来时，你的大脑会更好地根据这些信息采取行动)”可知，根据Twery的说法，因为一个良好的睡眠有助于记忆时间更长，行动更有效，所以它有助于更好地学习。故选D项。【47题详解】词句猜测题。由第三段“Butwhataboutgettingrestduringthemiddleoftheday?Shortperiodsofsleepmayhelpourbrainsworkbetterorso,saysarecentstudyonnapping.(但是中午休息怎么样？最近一项关于napping的研究表明，短期睡眠可能有助于我们的大脑更好地工作)”可知，“nap”指白天短时间睡眠，即小睡。故选B项。【48题详解】细节理解题。由第四段中的“Paststudieshaveshownthatnappingcanhelpbabiesandyoungchildrenlearnbetter.Andnappingcanhelpbrainperformanceinolderadults.(过去的研究表明，小睡可以帮助婴儿和幼儿更好地学习。小睡可以帮助老年人的大脑活动)”可知，小睡有助于婴儿、幼儿和老人。故选D项。第17页/共17页学科网（北京）股份有限公司

14【49题详解】细节理解题。由第四段中的“Andnappingcanhelpbrainperformanceinolderadults.Takinganapmayalsohelpthisgroupofpeoplefightoffage-relatedmemoryloss.(小睡可以帮助老年人的大脑活动。小睡也可以帮助这些人摆脱与年龄相关的记忆丧失)”可知，在中午小睡可以帮助老年人减少因年龄而导致的记忆丧失。故选C项。【50题详解】细节理解题。由第一段中的“Studieshaveshownthatagoodnight’sresthelpsusstayhealthy,bothmentallyandphysically.(研究表明，晚上好好休息有助于我们保持身心健康)”可知，D项“晚上好好休息有助于我们保持身心健康”正确。故选D项。DNormally,aphoneconversationwithmyoldersisterJennawouldendwithsisterlyjokes.Butthistime,webothsaid,“Iloveyou.”Dayslater,aged28,Jennadiedofaseriousdisease.LosingJennawasthemostterriblethingI'deverexperienced,butfiveyearsonIcanseethatitalsoshapedwhoIamtoday.Jennaencouragedmetofindhumoratthedarkestoftimes,andherdeathgavemeasenseoffearlessness-whichledtomebecomingastand-upcomedian.At31,Inowseethatlife'stooshorttoworryaboutmyowninsecurities.Growinguptogether,thetwoofuswereincrediblyclose.Westucktogetherandevensharedaroom.Lyinginourbedsatnight,JennawouldsingSleepingSatellitebyTasminArchertomewhenIgotscaredofthedark.IwasstudyingatuniversitywhenIwastoldthatJennahadaseriousdisease.Ihadnoideawhattodo,howtoreactorwhattosay.ButwhenIgottothehospital,Jennatookmyhandandsaid,“Jayde,canyoumakeeveryonelaugh?They'realllookingatmelikeI'mabouttodieandit'sgettingonmynerves.”Fromthatpointon,duringJenna'sregularhospitalstays,I'djokearoundandtrytolightenthemood.Iwantedtomakeeveryonearoundherstopactinglikeshewasabouttodie-becausewedidn'tknowthatshewas.Whenshediddietwoyearslater,itwasacompleteshock.Seeingherinhospitalintheend,connectedtomachines,wasawful-aswasseeingmyparents'sadness.ButIstilljokedaround,makingfunofherfornottakingcareofhereyebrows.Shediedthatsameday.Nothingcanprepareyouforlosingyoursister.IfeltlikeIdidn'tknowwhattodowithouther.Ittooktwoyearsforthesadnesstostarttolift,butwhenitdid,Ibeganseeinglifedifferently.I'dwatchedmysisterdie,soIknewnothingelsecouldhurtasmuch.Ifoundmyselflettinggoofalltheinsecuritiesthathadheldmebackpreviously.ItwasaroundthenthatIenteredtheFunnyWomencompetition-somethingIwouldneverhavehadtheconfidencetodobeforeJenna'sdeath.MywinmarkedahugeturningpointinmycareerandledtomyrecentshowattheSohoTheatreinLondon.IsometimeswonderifI'dbedoingallthisifJennahadn'tdied.Butthethingis,shedid-andthisiswhatI'vebeenleftwith.51.Whatinspiredtheauthortobecomeastand-upcomedian?A.Hersisterencouragedhertobehumorousandfearless.B.Herparentsweresad,soshewantedtocheerthemup.C.Shegotaseriousdiseaseandwasgoingtodie.D.Shewantedtodelighthersister,whowasseriouslyill.第17页/共17页学科网（北京）股份有限公司

1552.Howwastherelationshipbetweentheauthorandhersister?A.Theyhadtheirownroom,buttheywouldliketosleeptogether.B.Eventhoughtheylovedeachother,theyoftenhadconflicts.C.Theauthorhadbeenveryclosetohersistersincetheywereyoung.D.Hersistersangsongstocomforttheauthoronrainydays.53.WhydidJennaasktheauthorto"makeeveryonelaugh"?A.Shewantedotherpeopletoforgetherillness.B.Shedidnotbelievethatshewasabouttodie.C.Shewasfedupwiththeboringhospitallife.D.Shewastiredofeveryone'sanxiety.54.Whichofthefollowingcanreplacetheword“lift”(para.7)?A.RemoveB.DisappearC.RaiseD.Deepen55.Howdidtheauthorchangeafterhersisterdied?A.Shedidnotfeelhurtasbeforeanymore.B.Shebecameconfidentenoughtodoastand-upshow.C.Shepreparedherselfforlosingclosefamilymembers.DShenolongerworriedaboutherinsecurities.【答案】51.A52.C53.D54.B55.D【解析】【导语】这是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了作者小时候是个没有安全感的人，在经历了挚爱的姐姐生病去世之后，她的内心变得坚强，后来成为了一个著名的单口相声演员。51题详解】细节理解题。根据第二段中“Jennaencouragedmetofindhumoratthedarkestoftimes,andherdeathgavemeasenseoffearlessness-whichledtomebecomingastand-upcomedian.”（Jenna鼓励我在最黑暗的时刻寻找幽默，她的死给了我一种无所畏惧的感觉——这让我成为了一名单口相声演员。）可知，作者之所以成为一名单口相声演员是因为她姐姐的鼓励她幽默和无惧。故选A项。【52题详解】推理判断题。根据第三段中“Growinguptogether,thetwoofuswereincrediblyclose.Westucktogetherandevensharedaroom.Lyinginourbedsatnight,JennawouldsingSleepingSatellitebyTasminArchertomewhenIgotscaredofthedark.”（我们一起长大，关系非常亲密。我们成天黏在一起，甚至住在一个房间里。晚上躺在床上，当我害怕黑夜时，Jenna会给我唱TasminArcher的SleepingSatellite。）可知，小时候，作者和姐姐关系非常亲密。故选C项。【53题详解】推理判断题。根据第四段中“ButwhenIgottothehospital,Jennatookmyhandandsaid,'Jayde,canyoumakeeveryonelaugh?They'realllookingatmelikeI'mabouttodieandit'sgettingonmynerves.'”（但当我到了医院，Jenna拉着我手说：“Jayde，你能让每个人都笑吗?他们都看着我，好像我快死了一样，这让我很紧张。”）可知，Jenna不喜欢看到别人焦虑的神情。固定短语“getonsb.nerves第17页/共17页学科网（北京）股份有限公司

16”意为“使某人紧张；惹得某人心烦”。所以“Shewastiredofeveryone'sanxiety.”“她对大家的焦虑感到厌烦。”符合题意。故选D项。【54题详解】词义猜测题。A.Remove除去；B.Disappear消失；C.Raise上升；D.Deepen加深。根据倒数第三段中“butwhenitdid,Ibeganseeinglifedifferently.”（但当它发生时，我开始用不同的眼光看待生活）句中的did，指的是前文“Ittooktwoyearsforthesadnesstostarttolift(花了两年的时间，才从悲伤中慢慢恢复)”中的“starttolift”，根据前文中，作者一直无法从失去姐姐的悲伤中走出来，到现在用不同的眼光看待生活，说明悲伤慢慢消失了。故选B项。【55题详解】推理判断题。根据倒数第二段中“I'dwatchedmysisterdie,soIknewnothingelsecouldhurtasmuch.Ifoundmyselflettinggoofalltheinsecuritiesthathadheldmebackpreviously.”（我见证了我姐姐的死去，所以我知道没有什么比这更让我伤心了。我发现自己放下了所有之前阻碍我前进的不安全感。）可知，作者之前因为缺乏安全感，但经历过失去亲人的痛苦之后，就什么都放下了；再根据第三段中“At31,Inowseethatlife'stooshorttoworryaboutmyowninsecurities.”（31岁的我现在明白，生命太短暂，没有时间去担心自己的不安全感。）可知，作者现在已经不再担心不安全感了。故选D项。第17页/共17页学科网（北京）股份有限公司